Chapter 14: Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Mined and used in inorganic fertilizers and some detergents.

Used for roadbeds and to make concrete.

Forms below the earths surface when magma wells up from the earths upper mantle or deep crust and then cools and hardens.

Forms when preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures, high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these, which.

Used to measure earthquake intensity.

Machines dig a massive hole and remove ores.

Used to harvest shallow deposits.

continental or ocean plates slide past one another.

Dynamic processes taking place on the earths surface and in the earths interior.

The continental plate rides up over the cooler, denser, oceanic plate and pushes it down into the mantle.

Can be extracted from the earths crust and processed into raw materials and products at an affordable cost.

Lower environmental impact than mining and processing metals from ores.

Electronics, catalyst in industry, and in automobile pollution control converters.

Found directly above the focus on the earths surface.

Sing water cannons to wash entire hillsides into collection boxes.

Ceramics, high- strength plastics.

Tremors after or before an earthquake.

Electrical equipment, jewelry, coins, medical implants, and as a catalyst to speed up certain chemical reactions.

Rainwater seeps through the mine or spoil pile and carries sulfuric acid (from bacteria acting on iron sulfide)

Wind, flowing water, human activities, glaciers.

Identified resources from which the mineral can be extracted profitably at current prices.

The unused materials left on land from dredging ore deposits from streams.

An essential ingredient of stainless steel.

Made of sediments- dead plant and animal remains and existing rocks that are eroded and weathered into tiny particles.

___Collapse of land above mines.

Alloy of Fe, and other elements such as Mn, Co, Mo, and Cr.

Overburden discarded as waste material.

Use of explosives, large power shovels, and huge machines to remove tops of mountains.

Hot partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic.

Used to harvest deep deposits.

Dynamic processes taking place on the earths surface and in the earths interior

Earths innermost zone (solid inner part, surrounded by a liquid core of molten rock)

Thick, solid rock zone surrounding the core

Hot partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic

Outermost & thinnest zone

The outermost part of the mantle and continental crust oceanic crust

When ocean plates move apart allowing molten material to flow up through the cracks creating oceanic ridges

ocean plates collide with continental plates

the continental plate rides up over the cooler, denser, oceanic plate and pushes it down into the mantle

continental or ocean plates slide past one another

Generally build up the earths surface

Directly or indirectly driven by energy from the sun, wind, flowing water, and glaciers which all contribute to erosion and are influenced by gravity

Physical, chemical, and biological

Wind, flowing water, human activities, glaciers

Eruption of Mount Pinatubo

A place where an earthquake begins below the earths surface

Found directly above the focus on the earths surface

A measure of ground motion indicated by the size of the seismic waves

Used to measure earthquake intensity

Tremors after or before an earthquake

Series of large waves generated when part of the ocean floor suddenly rises or drops

Indian Ocean tsunami

Element or inorganic compound in earths crust

Combination of one or more minerals

Forms below the earths surface when magma wells up from the earths upper mantle or deep crust and then cools and hardens

Forms when preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures, high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these, which

Can be extracted from the earths crust and processed into raw materials and products at an affordable cost

aluminum, gold

sand, limestone

Rock that contains large concentrations of a particular mineral (often metal)

Contains large amounts of desired nonrenewable resources

Contains a small amount of desired nonrenewable resources

Packaging, structural material

Alloy of Fe, and other elements such as Mn, Co, Mo, and Cr

Electrical and communications

Electronics, catalyst in industry, and in automobile pollution control converters

Electrical equipment, jewelry, coins, medical implants, and as a catalyst to speed up certain chemical reactions

Primarily SiO2 or silicon dioxide

Used for roadbeds and to make concrete

Mostly CaCO3 or calcium carbonate

Mined and used in inorganic fertilizers and some detergents

Identified resources from which the mineral can be extracted profitably at current prices

Used to harvest shallow deposits

Used to harvest deep deposits

Machines dig massive holes and remove ores

Used for extracting deposits that lie close to the earths surface and lie in horizontal beds

Used where the terrain is fairly flat

Used where the terrain is hilly or mountainous

Use of explosives, large power shovels, and huge machines to remove tops of mountains

Sing water cannons to wash entire hillsides into collection boxes

Soil and rock overlying a useful mineral deposit

Overburden discarded as waste material

The unused materials left on land from dredging ore deposits from streams

Collapse of land above mines

Rainwater seeps through the mine or spoil pile and carries sulfuric acid (from bacteria acting on iron sulfide)

Uses heat or chemicals

time to use a certain portion of reserves

Ceramics, high-strength plastics

Industrial catalyst

An essential ingredient of stainless steel

Lower environmental impact than mining and processing metals from ores