AP Psych Unit 9 Vocab

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

unselfish regard for the welfare of other

feelings that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

occurs when interested people focus on arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later to a larger request

the principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate anger

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

the tendency to favor our own group

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking liking of them

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side views itself as ethical and peaceful and the views the other side as evil and aggressive

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as speakers attractiveness

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

revealing intimate aspects of oneself favorably

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

an expectation that people will help those needing their help

a generalized belief about a group of people

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation