Sociology 241 exam 2

In Florida, it is illegal to sell alcohol before 1 p.m. on Sunday. This is an example of

“dumb” law

Which of the following was once deemed criminal in China but is not anymore

making a profit

Determining which behavior is criminal is a __________ process.

legal

Because laws differ from one society to another, so does crime. This means that crime is

relative to the society in which it occurs.

Despite opposition, the Supreme Court made abortion legal in the United States. This illustrates the court’s

Power to interpret the Constitution and make decisions that impact the country's laws.

Ophelia is conducting research on how police officers are more likely to stop drivers who fit a certain profile. Ophelia’s research is in line with __________ theory.

Symbolic Interactionism

Bernie Madoff was one of the most notorious white-collar criminals. He ran a(n)

Ponzi scheme

Jamaal wants to be an all-around hustler when he grows up. He plans to engage in robbery, burglary, drug dealing, as well as pimping. The chance for Jamaal to pursue this career path is readily available in the urban area in which he resides. This chance is a part of the

illegitimate opportunity structure

emphasize that justice is not always fairly administered because the law is controlled by the ruling class

conflict theorists

Rashida is an accountant. She has been skimming money off of the payroll for the past seven years. This is an example of a(n) __________ crime.

White collar crime

Professional and organized crime involves __________.

pride in specialized skills

Which group dominates organized crime today?

No group dominates

Maria knows that her family is part of the Mafia, but she has to uphold

omerta

Although he is not legally related to him, Tony is Nunzio’s godfather. This relationship, which unites two families, is an example of

Fictive kinship

The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested is called the

recidivism

The unequal distribution of wealth, income, power, and poverty is called

Economic inequality

__________ is the use of force to injure people or destroy property.

Violence

Tonya used a baseball bat to shatter the windshield of her husband’s Mercedes Benz sports car. This is an example of __________.

violence

A serial killer is loose in New York City. This is an example of __________.

a social problem

When female students are concerned about walking to their classes at night, this is

a subjective concern

To maintain a nonviolent atmosphere in her classroom, Mrs. Elliot gives one golden star to every student who plays nicely with the other students. Mrs. Elliot’s actions are in line with

operant conditioning

Susan is attending college and working part time so that she can get a good job. This is an example of

finding cultural means to achieve goals

When families worked on farms and cooperated with one another, this helped to keep violence at a low level. This is

social integration

Sam wants to shoplift, but when he thinks about the reaction of his family and friends he stops himself. He is experiencing

outer control systems

Renee has a high level of self-control and would not think about committing a crime. She is experiencing

inner control systems

The American dream of owning a home and two cars is an example of

Cultural goals

Muhammad believes that if you want to reduce crime in the inner city, then you must provide more jobs so that people can have the opportunity to become successful without breaking the law. Muhammad’s beliefs are in line with __________ theory

strain theory

Rapes are more likely to occur in

the summer

Justin Pinchot killed one man in 1993, a teenager in 1995, and a woman in 1996. This is an example of

Serial Murder

Grace is graduating from college, and she has been offered two jobs: one in San Diego and another in San Francisco. Grace will consider the number of crimes occurring per 100,000 people in each city to determine which job she will take. Grace is using the

Crime Rate

Bay Bay’s father was a pimp and his mother was a prostitute. As such, Bay grew up in an environment where prostitution, drug use, robbery, assault, and rape were seen as a normal part of life. This reflects __________.

A Delinquent Subculture

Today, poor people spend about __________ of their income on food.

20 percent

Income adjusted for inflation is called

Constant or real dollars

The total amount the U.S. government owes is called

national debt

Which of the following is a problem with the U.S. economy?

Rising prices \n High unemployment \n Falling wages

argues that social inequality comes from a basic struggle over limited resources

Conflict theory

From the __________ perspective, poverty is relative.

symbolic interactionist

Juan’s research focuses on how the meaning of poverty has changed over the past 25 years among college students. Juan’s research is in line with __________.

symbolic interactionism

In Senegal, West Africa, most people live on $550 per year. As such, Senegal is characterized by

relative poverty

Assuming that the causes of poverty lie __________ the individual, leads to policies such as education and social reform

Outside

When Vondalyn arrived in the emergency room reporting chest pains, the attending physician administered a drug that interacted negatively with the insulin that Vondalyn takes every day. Consequently, Vondalyn had a heart attack. This is an example of

iatrogenesis

Over the years, medical costs have

Risen dramatically

Those born today in the United States can expect to live

76 years

The major cause of health and illness is

lifestyle

In the United States, __________ are more likely to commit suicide

young men

Because of long-term exposure to various particles in the mines, coal miners often get black lung. As such, black lung is a(n)

pneumoconiosis

Lisa Winn is a therapist who listens to and tries to guide her patient toward a resolution of emotional problems. Winn offers

Individual psychotherapy

What number of those aged 45–64 in the United States are overweight?

Three in four

Approximately __________ children in the United States are in day care

5 million

The moving of work to factories, the increase of formal education, and a lower birthrate are all associated with which era?

The Industrial Revolution

Since 1970, divorce rates in the United States have

increased

Until about 1940, U.S. children “became adults” when they graduated from the

eighth grade

Functionalists suggest that changes in the traditional functions of family have

weakened the family unit

Mr. Lucas tells his grandchildren that when he was their age, his idea of fun involved sleigh rides, hay rides, and card games with his family. Mr. Lucas’ ideas of fun illustrate which of the following functions of family?

Recreation

. Carl was raised in a home with his mother, his father, and his sister. These people make up Carl’s

family of orientation

Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence?

American Indian and Alaska native women have the highest IPV rates in the country.

The highest rates of violence are among

With low incomes, low education levels, under age 30

Morgan lives in a home with her grandparents, aunts, uncles, and parents. This reflects a(n)

extended family

Bailey and her husband, Lonnie, believe they will have a baby sometime in the future, when they are more financially stable. Which stage in the development of a permanent child-free life does this reflect?

Second

Allison and Bob have chosen not to have any children because they feel their careers are more important. According to sociologists, they are known as

a child-free couple

Instead of industrialization and urbanization, the primary transforming event of today’s families is the

machinism

Sanchez and Rosa view being child-free as a permanent state. Which stage in the development of a permanent child-free life does this reflect?

Fourth

Homer lives with his wife, Marge, and his children Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. They represent a(n) __________.

Nuclear Family

Christopher Lasch says we are on a road that leads to

a therapeutic society