GCSE History: Germany in Transition 1919-1939

Name the German leader who abdicated on 9th November 1918.

How often were new presidents elected?

What power did Article 48 give to the president?

Name the voting system that was introduced that meant that extreme parties were always represented; it was difficult to create stability and caused many coalitions.

How many separation coalitions were there throughout the fourteen years of the Weimar Republic?

How long did the longest government last?

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed (month and year)?

What percentage of her territory did Germany lose after the Treaty of Versailles?

What was the War Guilt Clause? (Article no?)

According to the Treaty of Versailles the Germany army could not exceed what size?

How much was Germany forced to pay in reparations?

Many Germans felt that the Weimar politicians ('November Criminals') had stabbed the army in the back. What is the German word for this?

In 1919 who led the Spartacist League which eventually became the Communist Party?

What measures did the Weimar government announce in March 1920 leading to the Kapp Putsch?

How many murders were carried out during uprisings between 1919-1922?

How many right-wingers were sentenced to death as a result of political uprisings?

Where did France send troops in 1921 and again in 1923, after Germany failed to pay reparations?

Why did the French and Belgians decide to take the goods they needed in the Ruhr? The violence in 1923 between the occupiers and the German population led to approximately 130 German deaths.

What was the main economic impact of the occupation of the Ruhr in 1923?

Who became German Chancellor in the summer of 1923?

In 1924 a plan was introduced that changed reparations to 1 billion marks for the first year that increased to 2.5 billion marks per year over 4 years. Name this plan.

Between 1924-1930, how much money did US companies and banks give in loans to Germany?

Name the new currency Stresemann introduced in November 1923.

To what figure were the reparations reduced to as a result of the Young Plan?

In 1929, when industrial production had returned to pre-war levels, what percentage was agricultural production compared to pre-war levels?

Name the pact agreed in 1925 that saw a period of co-operation with France and Britain.

In what year was Germany given a permanent seat on the Council of the League of Nations?

What was signed in 1928, agreeing armies were to be kept for self-defence, and disputes should be solved peacefully?

How many members did the Nazi Party have in the Reichstag in May 1928?

By 1928, real wages had increased by what percentage?

How many middle class workers (lawyers, civil servants and teachers) were still seeking employment in April 1928?

By what percentage had homelessness been reduced by, in 1928? (>2 million homes built 1924-1931)

In what year was the Unemployment Insurance Law passed? It required workers and employers to make contributions to a national scheme for unemployment welfare.

Women enjoyed more social and political freedom than before the Weimar government. For example they could go out unescorted; drink and smoke in public and wear short skirts. At what age were they given the vote in 1919?

What percentage of women were in employment in 1929? It was 31.2% in 1907.

What was the Neue Sachlichkeit approach to art? It was associated with painters such as George Grosz and Otto Dix.

Name one of the following: (a) Popular style of architecture which meant 'School of building', (b) Science fiction film released in 1927 by Fritz Lang, (c) Anti-war novel written by Erich Remarque

Who founded the German Workers' Party (DAP) in Munich, Bavaria?

What was the name of the political manifesto Hitler and Drexler wrote in February 1920?

What did Hitler change the Nazi Party's name to?

When did Hitler become the leader (Fuhrer) of the Nazi Party? (month and year)

When the SA (Stormtroopers or Brownshirts) was introduced in 1921, who was their leader?

What was Nazi Party membership in November 1923? (In June 1920 it was about 1100)

Other than his usual anti-Weimar criticisms, what references did Hitler's speeches commonly contain?

In what year did Hitler believe von Kahr (head of Bavarian government), von Lossow (army chief) and von Seisser (police chief) would support him in an attack on Berlin?

During which month in 1923 did Hitler and 600 Nazis seize the Burgerbräukeller, as part of the Munich Putsch?

How many Nazis and policemen were killed when the two opposing forces met?

Once Hitler's trial for treason had begun in February 1924, how long did it last?

How long was Hitler's prison sentence, given on 1st April?

What book did Hitler write during his 9 months at Landsberg prison?

In what year did the Bamberg Conference take place? At this conference he was able to win over rivals Gregor Strasser and Joseph Goebbels

What was Hitler's bodyguard unit called? It was formed in 1925.

Afraid the SA would continue being violent, what action did Hitler take following his release from prison?

What was Nazi Party membership by the end of 1928?

Who replaced Strasser as Party Propaganda Leader in the late 1920s?

What event abroad shocked the German economy in 1929? The death of Stresemann also added to the crisis.

What figure did unemployment exceed by early 1932?

How did the Great Depression benefit the Nazi Party? The German words 'Arbeit und Brot' mean work and bread.

During 1930, there were 5 presidential decrees. How many were there in 1932? (Reichstag laws: 98 → 5)

Name the new Chancellor in March 1930, nicknamed the 'hunger chancellor' for his reductions in government spending.

Why did the Nazis gain middle-class support in the early 1930s?

Who was the leader of the German Communist Party (KPD) from 1924 to 1933?

By the early 1930s, how many daily/weekly newspapers did the Nazis own?

How many seats did the Nazi Party win in September 1930, making them the second largest party?

Give one tactic the Nazi party used during the 1932 presidential election.

Name two of the leading industrialists that funded the Nazi Party in the 1930s. They were concerned about the growth of trade union's power.

Which party led by Alfred Hugenberg had the Nazis begun to develop close links with, by 1932?

After Röhm was reappointed in January 1931, by how much did SA membership increase within a year?

What was the name of the communists' private army?

How many people were killed and wounded in clashes between political parties, before July 1932 elections?

How many seats did the Nazis win in the July 1932 election, making them the largest party in the Reichstag?

After von Papen dissolved the Reichstag, how many seats did the Nazis win in the November 1932 elections?

Who became chancellor, after von Papen's resignation?

Who was able to convince Hindenburg that a coalition government should be formed with Hitler as chancellor as this would bring stability, and that he would be able to control Hitler as his vice-Chancellor?

When did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?

Of 12 cabinet members, how many were Nazis when Hitler became chancellor?

How many deaths were there during violence leading up to the March 1933 general election?

What day was the Reichstag fire?

Name the Dutch communist the Nazis arrested for starting the Reichstag fire.

What did Hitler persuade Hindenburg to sign after the Reichstag fire, suspending basic civil rights and empowering the Nazis?

How many seats did the Nazis win in the March 1933 election?

What proportion of the Reichstag needed to be controlled to enable a change to the constitution?

Name the act passed on 23rd March 1933 that gave the Nazis full power for four years, ended the Weimar Constitution and created a dictatorship?

Name the policy that was designed to bring German society in line with Nazi philosophy.

What were banned on 2nd May 1933 and replaced with the DAF.

Where was the first concentration camp opened in March 1933?

Which party did Hitler ban after forming a dictatorship?

Name the law passed in July 1933 which meant that the Nazi Party was now the sole legal political party in Germany.

In the November 1933 general election, what percentage of the vote did the Nazis win?

When did Hitler centralise Germany, for the first time since its creation in 1871 (month & year), by abolishing the Lander and replacing it with Reich governors?

Give another name for the Night of the Long Knives, when Hitler purged political and military rivals in the SA.

When did Hitler take action, following information from Himmler that Röhm was about to seize power? (Day month year)

Name three key figures that were killed during the Night of the Long Knives.

Approximately how many people were killed during the Night of the Long Knives?

After what event in August 1934 did Hitler merge the roles of Chancellor and President, becoming Führer?

What military title did Hitler gain after the army swore allegiance to him?

What percentage of voters agreed with Hitler's action during the 19th August 1934 referendum?

How long were men (aged 18-25) required to work in the National Labour Service Corps (RAD)?

Provide the German word for the motorways that Hitler's programme intended to build 7000km of.

Give two examples of groups that were not counted as part of Nazi unemployment figures.