ENVS 150 Module/Test 3

What is the name of the arrow labeled "A"? a. filament b. anther c. stamen d. tepal e. stigma

d. tepal

What is the name of the arrow labeled "B"? a. filament b. anther c. stamen d. tepal e. stigma

a. filament

What is the name of the arrow labeled "C"? a. filament b. anther c. stamen d. tepal e. stigma

b. anther

What is the name of the arrow labeled "D"? a. filament b. anther c. stamen d. tepal e. stigma

c. stamen

What is the name of the arrow labeled "E"? a. filament b. anther c. stamen d. tepal e. stigma

e. stigma

The collective term for the petals a. calyx b. sexual reproduction c. asexual reproduction d. corolla e. tepals f. stamen g. pistil

d. corolla

The collective term for the anther and filament a. calyx b. sexual reproduction c. asexual reproduction d. corolla e. tepals f. stamen g. pistil

f. stamen

When plants reproduce by cuttage or division of plant parts a. calyx b. sexual reproduction c. asexual reproduction d. corolla e. tepals f. stamen g. pistil

c. asexual reproduction

The collective term for the sepals a. calyx b. sexual reproduction c. asexual reproduction d. corolla e. tepals f. stamen g. pistil

a. calyx

When plants reproduce through fertilization a. calyx b. sexual reproduction c. asexual reproduction d. corolla e. tepals f. stamen g. pistil

b. sexual reproduction

The collective term for the stigma, style and ovary a. calyx b. sexual reproduction c. asexual reproduction d. corolla e. tepals f. stamen g. pistil

g. pistil

When the sepals and petals are indistinguishable a. calyx b. sexual reproduction c. asexual reproduction d. corolla e. tepals f. stamen g. pistil

e. tepals

A ripened ovary a. parthenocarpy b. compound fruit c. simple fruit d. vestigial e. fruit

e. fruit

A fruit composed from a multiple carpel ovary a. parthenocarpy b. compound fruit c. simple fruit d. vestigial e. fruit

b. compound fruit

Fruit formed without benefit of pollination a. parthenocarpy b. compound fruit c. simple fruit d. vestigial e. fruit

a. parthenocarpy

Rudimentary seeds which are not viable a. parthenocarpy b. compound fruit c. simple fruit d. vestigial e. fruit

d. vestigial

A fruit composed of a single carpel a. parthenocarpy b. compound fruit c. simple fruit d. vestigial e. fruit

c. simple fruit

The embryo shoot a. parthenocarpic b. testa c. radicle d. cotyledons e. plumule f. imbibition g. pollination h. endosperm

a. plumule

The outer layer of a seed a. parthenocarpic b. testa c. radicle d. cotyledons e. plumule f. imbibition g. pollination h. endosperm

b. testa

The start of germination a. parthenocarpic b. testa c. radicle d. cotyledons e. plumule f. imbibition g. pollination h. endosperm

f. imbibition

A fruit without seed a. parthenocarpic b. testa c. radicle d. cotyledons e. plumule f. imbibition g. pollination h. endosperm

a. parthenocarpic

Unusually necessary for seed formation a. parthenocarpic b. testa c. radicle d. cotyledons e. plumule f. imbibition g. pollination h. endosperm

g. pollination

Primary food storage in monocot seeds a. parthenocarpic b. testa c. radicle d. cotyledons e. plumule f. imbibition g. pollination h. endosperm

h. endosperm

The embryo root a. parthenocarpic b. testa c. radicle d. cotyledons e. plumule f. imbibition g. pollination h. endosperm

c. radicle

Primary food storage in eudicot seeds a. parthenocarpic b. testa c. radicle d. cotyledons e. plumule f. imbibition g. pollination h. endosperm

d. cotyledons

Overcoming physical dormancy by damaging the seed coat a. stratification b. physiological dormancy c. scarification d. quiescence e. physical dormancy

c. scarification

Embryo dormancy when the seed must be subjected to specific conditions to enhance germination a. stratification b. physiological dormancy c. scarification d. quiescence e. physical dormancy

b. physiological dormancy

The process of chilling seed in a moist medium for multiple weeks a. stratification b. physiological dormancy c. scarification d. quiescence e. physical dormancy

a. stratification

When a seed does not have the appropriate environmental conditions to germinate a. stratification b. physiological dormancy c. scarification d. quiescence e. physical dormancy

d. quiescence

Structural conditions preventing dormancy also referred to as seed coat dormancy a. stratification b. physiological dormancy c. scarification d. quiescence e. physical dormancy

e. physical dormancy

Morphological characteristics of an organism a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

d. character

Different form of the same gene a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

b. allele

Genotype with two different alleles a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

i. heterozygous

Visible characteristics of an organism a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

e. phenotype

A trait that is always expressed a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

h. dominant

Offspring have intermediate characters a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

c. incomplete dominace

Specific property of an organism a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

a. trait

A single gene controls many characters a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

f. pleiotropy

A character of an organism is controlled by more than one gene a. trait b. allele c. incomplete dominance d. character e. phenotype f. pleiotrophy g. polygenic inheritance h. dominant i. heterozygous

g. polygenic inheritance

The process of gene transcription and translation Process of decoding genetic information into functional proteins a. gene transcription b. gene expression

b. gene expression

Synthesizing RNA from DNA a. gene transcription b. gene expression

a. gene transcription

Uracil a. RNA b. DNA c. both

a. RNA

Single strand a. RNA b. DNA c. both

a. RNA

Guanine a. RNA b. DNA c. both

c. both

Double Helix a. RNA b. DNA c. both

b. DNA

Adenine a. RNA b. DNA c. both

c. both

Thyamine a. RNA b. DNA c. both

b. DNA

Different species inherit the same trait from a common ancestor a. mutation b. genetic drift c. acclimation d. homology e. fitness f. gene flow

d. homology

Only the phenotype changes, not the genotype a. mutation b. genetic drift c. acclimation d. homology e. fitness f. gene flow

c. acclimation

Random events affecting genotypes of a population a. mutation b. genetic drift c. acclimation d. homology e. fitness f. gene flow

b. genetic drift

Random changes in genetic composition of an organism a. mutation b. genetic drift c. acclimation d. homology e. fitness f. gene flow

a. mutation

Genetic trait improving survival and reproduction a. mutation b. genetic drift c. acclimation d. homology e. fitness f. gene flow

e. fitness

Change in population allele frequency due to individuals leaving or joining a population a. mutation b. genetic drift c. acclimation d. homology e. fitness f. gene flow

f. gene flow

Species become interdependent based on each other’s special adaptations a. co-evolution b. adaptive radiation c. convergent evolution

a. co-evolution

Organisms evolved independently but appear similar a. co-evolution b. adaptive radiation c. convergent evolution

c. convergent evolution

One species produces rapidly several new species with diverse adaptations a. co-evolution b. adaptive radiation c. convergent evolution

b. adaptive radiation

Tubular flowers and hummingbirds a. co-evolution b. adaptive radiation c. convergent evolution

a. co-evolution

Many species from a tarweed subtribe in Hawaii a. co-evolution b. adaptive radiation c. convergent evolution

b. adaptive radiation

Emergence of glyphosate resistant weeds a. microevolution b. macroevolution c. punctuated equilibrium

c. punctuated equilibrium

Changes in gene pool from one generation to the next a. microevolution b. macroevolution c. punctuated equilibrium

a. microevolution

Evolutionary changes occur stepwise with long periods without changes a. microevolution b. macroevolution c. punctuated equilibrium

c. punctuated equilibrium

Rapid changes in finch population characteristics documented on the Galapagos Islands since the 1970's a. microevolution b. macroevolution c. punctuated equilibrium

a. microevolution

Cumulative small changes over very long periods of time a. microevolution b. macroevolution c. punctuated equilibrium

b. macroevolution

Occurs as a gas a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

d. ethylene

Promotes shoot initiation in tissue culture a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

a. cytokinin

Induces storage protein synthesis in seeds a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

e. abscisic acid

Increases stem elongation through cell division and elongation a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

c. gibberellic acid

Stimulates defense in stressed plants a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

d. ethylene

Promotes apical dominance a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

b. auxin

Initiates plant responses to water stress a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

e. abscisic acid

Phototropism a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

b. auxin

Used commercially to ripen fruit\ a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

d. ethylene

Promotes cell division and shoot formation in tissue culture a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

a. cytokinin

Promotes flowering and increases fruit size of seedless grapes a. cytokinin b. auxin c. gibberellic acid d. ethylene e. abscisic acid

c. gibberellic acid

Plant growth response to light a. photoperiodism b. phototropism c. photomorphogenesis d. phytochrome

c. photomorphogenesis

Plants growing towards a light source a. photoperiodism b. phototropism c. photomorphogenesis d. phytochrome

b. phototropism

The protein absorbing red and far-red light a. photoperiodism b. phototropism c. photomorphogenesis d. phytochrome

d. phytochrome

Growth and development of an organism in response to photoperiod a. photoperiodism b. phototropism c. photomorphogenesis d. phytochrome

a. photoperiodism

Photoperiodically insensitive a. photoperiodism b. short-day plants c. day-neutral plants d. long-day plants

c. day-neutral plants

Photoperiodically controlled process that is induced when daylength is shorter than critical day length a. photoperiodism b. short-day plants c. day-neutral plants d. long-day plants

b. short-day plants

Photoperiodically controlled process that is induced when daylength is longer than critical day length a. photoperiodism b. short-day plants c. day-neutral plants d. long-day plants

d. long-day plants

Photomorphogenic response to variations in daylength a. photoperiodism b. short-day plants c. day-neutral plants d. long-day plants

a. photoperiodism

A plant that bears both male and female flowers on the same plant is referred to as? Select one: a. incomplete b. dioeceous c. imperfect d. perfect e. monoecious

e. monoecious

In a seed, the ____________ becomes the first new leaves of the new plant. Select one: a. epicotyl b. hilum c. testa d. plumule e. radicle

d. plumule

In a dicot seed, the largest part of the seed being a pair of modified leaves full of stored food: a. testa b. radicle c. plumule d. endosperm e. cotyledons

e. cotyledons

White musky flowers which open at night are most likely to use pollination by: Select one: a. wind b. bees c. bats d. butterflies e. birds

c. bats

Sweet, blue or yellow flowers with nectar are most likely to use pollination by: Select one: a. bats b. bees c. wind d. butterflies e. birds

b. bees

The juicy fleshy part of an orange that you can eat is the __________________. Select one: a. mesocarp b. exocarp c. pericarp d. testa e. endocarp

e. endocarp

The type of dormancy exemplified by temperate woody plants can be broken by? Select one: a. after ripening b. nothing c. scarification d. quiescence e. stratification

e. stratification

Which of the following describes the study of evolution? Select one: a. how life forms changes over millennia b. how organisms continue to change c. breeding new species of animals or plants d. a and b e. b and c

d. a and b

Which is NOT a factor causing evolution Select one: a. natural selection b. non-random mating c. mutation d. gene flow and genetic drift e. acclimation

e. acclimation

When a diploid organism has two alleles that are different it is called _____________ for that characteristic. Select one: a. homozygous b. heterozygous c. recessive d. dominant e. allopatric

b. heterozygous

What is the term for rapid evolution that results of many species from a single ancestor when islands are colonized? Select one: a. convergent evolution b. adaptive radiation c. macroevolution d. punctuated equilibrium e. microevolution

b. adaptive radiation

What is the gene pool of a population? Select one: a. frequency of the least common genes b. all heterozygous alleles in a population c. all alleles of all individuals of a population d. frequency of the most common genes e. all homozygous alleles in a population

c. all alleles of all individuals of a population

Polyploidy is NOT: Select one: a. a tool for breeding new crops b. common in animals c. part of evolution d. common in flowering plants e. common in large, vigorous plants

b. common in animals

A cross between two heterozygous plants produces the following phenotypic ratio of dominant to recessive Select one: a. 2:1 b. 5:1 c. 4:1 d. 3:1 e. 1:1

d. 3:1

The hormone auxin causes the following responses: Select one: a. promotes growth of flower parts b. all are correct c. at high concentration it can be used as an herbicide d. initiates roots on stem cuttings and in tissue culture e. regulates response to light and gravity

b. all are correct

Systemic acquired resistance Select one: a. occurs in response to an attack on the plant b. salicylic acid moves throughout the plant and triggers resistance c. salicylic acid is produced at the site of attack d. is induced by the hormone salicylic acid e. all are involved in SAR

a. occurs in response to an attack on the plant

What treatment during the night can trick a plant into experiencing long days when in fact, days are short? Select one or more: a. all answers are correct. b. exposure to white light. c. none of the answers are correct. d. exposure to warm temperatures. e. exposure to far-red light.

b. exposure to white light.

What is the correct order in which a hormone activates a response in the cell? Select one: a. hormone -> transduction -> reception-> response b. transduction -> reception ->hormone -> response c. hormone -> reception -> transduction -> response d. reception ->transduction -> hormone -> response e. transduction ->hormone -> reception-> response

c. hormone -> reception -> transduction -> response

Which of the following is/are part of a hypersensitive response in plants? Select one: a. results in stronger cell walls b. results in production of toxic compounds killing invaded cells c. is a reaction when they are intruded by bacteria, virus, or fungi d. results in starvation or killing of intruding organism e. all are correct

e. all are correct

Based on the experimental results shown in the diagram, what is the most likely explanation for the plants growing toward the light source? Select one or more: a. the plant senses light at its tip and the signal for growth is sent to the side of the plant away from the light source. b. the plant senses light at its tip, and the signal for growth is not a chemical. c. the plant senses light from tip to base, and the signal for growth is sent to the side of the plant away from the light source. d. the plant senses light at its base, and the signal for growth is sent to the side of the plant away from the light source. e. the plant senses light at its tip, and the signal for growth is sent to the side of the plant nearest the light source.

a. the plant senses light at its tip and the signal for growth is sent to the side of the plant away from the light source.

Which of these is NOT part of the double fertilization in plants. Select one: a. formation of a zygote b. 4 endosperm nuclei c. 2 sperm nuclei d. formation of endosperm e. 3 female nuclei

b. 4 endosperm nuclei

________________________ is the deposition of pollen on the stigma. Select one: a. parthenocarpy b. ploidy c. totipotency d. mimicry e. pollination

e. pollination

In a seed, the _____________ is the new primary root for the plant. Select one or more: a. plumule b. hilum c. epicotyl d. testa e. radicle

e. radicle

A fruit formed when the receptacle becomes fleshy and the seeds attach to the surface of the fruit (like a strawberry) is classified as Select one: a. accessory fruit b. simple Fruit c. aggregate fruit d. multiple fruit e. drupe

a. accessory fruit

When a flower has sepals, petals and stamens but is missing a pistil, it is referred to as? Select one: a. perfect b. imperfect and staminate c. pistilate d. staminate e. imperfect

b. imperfect and staminate

Which of the following is an aspect of vegetative reproduction? Select one or more: a. none are correct b. produces genetically different plants c. all are correct d. requires two parents e. produces seeds

a. none are correct

Based on natural selection, which moth's allelle frequencies will increase in subsequent generations? Select one or more: a. if most trees are light, then the light moths will increase. b. if most trees are light, then the light moths will increase AND If most trees are dark, then the light moths will increase. c. if most trees are dark, then the dark moths will increase AND if most trees are light, then the light moths will increase. d. if most trees are dark, then the dark moths will increase. e. if most trees are dark, then the light moths will increase.

c. if most trees are dark, then the dark moths will increase AND if most trees are light, then the light moths will increase.

Which of the following strategy is NOT part of plant breeding? Select one: a. genetic engineering b. incomplete dominance c. biopharming d. hybridization e. somatic fusion

b. incomplete dominance

Mendel’s law of inheritance included: Select one: a. the law of segregation b. the particulate theory of inheritance c. the law of independent assortment d. the principle of dominance e. all are included

e. all are included

Which of the following statements best describes evolution? Select one: a. evolution is a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next. b. evolution is a change in morphological characteristics of species. c. all are correct d. evolution is a change in size characteristics of species e. evolution is a change in physiological characteristics of a species.

a. evolution is a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next.

The concept of survival of the fittest is based on the assumption that: Select one: a. natural selection favors individuals which are best adapted and will reproduce in greatest numbers b. all are correct c. natural selection favors individuals which are best adapted and grow to the largest size d. overpopulation allows more species to survive. e. overpopulation allows more hybrids to survive.

a. natural selection favors individuals which are best adapted and will reproduce in greatest numbers

What is the gene pool of a population? Select one or more: a. all allelles of all individuals of a population. b. frequency of the most common genes. c. all heterozygous allelles in a population d. all homozygous allelles in a population. e. frequency of the least common genes

a. all allelles of all individuals of a population.

Speciation occurs because of: Select one or more: a. postzygotic isolation b. lack of gene flow between populations c. all are correct. d. prezygotic isolation e. non-viable hybrids

c. all are correct

Which hormone stimulates shoot elongation and bolting in plants? Select one or more: a. gibberelins (GA) b. auxin c. cytokinin d. jasmonic acid e. abscissic acid

a. gibberelins (GA)

What term is used for a stimulus like light that comes from outside the plant? Select one or more: a. receptor b. exogenous c. transducer d. transmitter e. endogenous

b. exogenous

What is the correct order in which a hormone activates a response in a cell? Select one or more: a. reception → transduction → hormone → response b. hormone → transduction → reception → response c. transduction → hormone → reception → response d. hormone → reception → transduction → response e. transduction → reception → hormone → response

d. hormone → reception → transduction → response

The acid growth hypothesis refers to the following: Select one: a. the role of auxin as a herbicide at high doses b. the growth responses caused by ethylene through cytoplasm acidification c. the combined role of cytokinins and gibberellins in stimulating root cell expansion d. the role of auxin in loosening cell walls through acidification and expansin activation e. all refer to the growth hypothesis

d. the role of auxin in loosening cell walls through acidification and expansin activation

How can a plant protect itself from intruders? Select one: a. all are correct b. physical defenses c. chemical defenses d. none are correct e. inducible defenses

a. all are correct