Chapter 9: Land and Water Use

________: A chemical that kills unwanted rodents such as mice and rats.

________: Occurs when cities are so covered with concrete, asphalt, buildings, and so on, that water cant infiltrate into the land and runs off instead.

________ and tailings: The waste from mining that must be dealt with and can be an environmental problem if it is not.

________: Planting trees or shrubs next to crops to prevent wind erosion.

________: Building rows between crops and flooding those rows with water.

________: Planting new trees after harvesting the adult ones.

The ________ is removed and the salt water can move into the aquifer, destroying the aquifer.

No- till ________: Planting crops without tilling, or churning the soil, before you plant.

________: Using mechanical means like tractors and farm equipment to harvest crops.

________: The rock and soil found above a mine that must be removed to get to the mineral resource.

________: uses large quantities of water and water is lost to evaporation.

________: When an area is so overgrazed it cant recover and the area can become a desert.

________: A generic term to describe any herbicide, fungicide, rodenticide, or insecticide.

________: Using sprinkler- type devices to water crops.

________: A layer of rock that is filled with water.

________: Salt in the soil that limits plant growth.

________: Farm raising fish, shellfish, or aquatic plants to sell.

________: Term used to describe cities as they expand more and more into the surrounding ecosystems /habitats.

________: The ability of water to move through the soil and perhaps into an aquifer.

________: A method of integrated pest management that uses predator bugs to control pest species.

________: A chemical that kills unwanted insects.

________: A chemical that kills unwanted fungi.

________: The area of land (measured in hectares) that a person or society uses due to the pressures it puts on the environment.

________ of the commons: A shared resource that no one owns and everyone can use is overexploited and eventually unavailable to all.

________: Using man- made, chemical fertilizers on crops to help them grow better.

________ mining: A type of mining where minerals are found near to the ________ with only soil and small amounts of rock above it so it is inexpensive and relatively easy to obtain.

________: Occurs when too many people living in cities close to the coastline draw on an aquifer for fresh water.

________: A chemical that kills unwanted plants.

________: Moving animals around to various pastures to allow the grass to recover from grazing.

________: People moving from rural areas and into cities looking for jobs or other opportunities.

________: Planting crops with the contour of the land to prevent erosion.

________ grazing: Allowing animals to roam free and eat on grassy pastures.

________: Flooding an entire crop with water.

________ can mitigate their impact on land and water resources through sustainable use.

________: An economically viable way of cutting down all the trees in an area of a forest for human use.

________: Using hoses that slowly drip water onto the roots of plants.

________: Planting crops in strips with one strip having a crop with deep, extensive roots and one that doesnt.

________: can cause disease and, if the farmed animal or plant escapes its enclosure, it could reproduce or outcompete with native species.

________: disease can spread so large amounts of antibiotics are used and manure and urine can run off into local waterways.

________: uses large quantities of water and water is lost to evaporation.

A shared resource that no one owns and everyone can use is overexploited and eventually unavailable to all

An economically viable way of cutting down all the trees in an area of a forest for human use. This leads to erosion, flooding, and increased soil and water temperatures, and it removes the carbon sink that forests provide.

Using mechanical means like tractors and farm equipment to harvest crops

Using man-made, chemical fertilizers on crops to help them grow better

Turning the land over so you can plant crops, but this can lead to erosion of the soil from both water and wind

This is an agricultural method for taking wild land such as a forest, and clearing it to grow crops. Usually this method involves slashing (cutting down) and burning the plants that were found there and planting a crop.

Using hoses that slowly drip water onto the roots of plants.

conserves water

expensive

Flooding an entire crop with water.

cheap and quick

uses large quantities of water and water is lost to evaporation

Building rows between crops and flooding those rows with water.

cheap and quick

uses large quantities of water and water is lost to evaporation

Using sprinkler-type devices to water crops. Pro: less water lost to evaporation. Con: expensive.

less water lost to evaporation

expensive

When soil gets so flooded with water, and the water then evaporates but the salt is left behind. After many years of this, the land is so salty that most plants can’t grow.

Salt in the soil that limits plant growth

A layer of rock that is filled with water

A generic term to describe any herbicide, fungicide, rodenticide, or insecticide

A chemical that kills unwanted plants

A chemical that kills unwanted fungi

A chemical that kills unwanted rodents such as mice and rats

A chemical that kills unwanted insects

Large feeding operations with many animals in a small area. Pro: increased profits. Cons: disease can spread so large amounts of antibiotics are used and manure and urine can run off into local waterways.

increased profits

disease can spread so large amounts of antibiotics are used and manure and urine can run off into local waterways

Allowing animals to roam free and eat on grassy pastures

When too many animals are allowed to eat in an area and the grass/plants cant recover. This often leads to desertification.

When an area is so overgrazed it cant recover and the area can become a desert

Taking too many fish at one time by commercial fishing and not allowing the breeding stock to reproduce and replenish

A type of mining where minerals are found near to the surface with only soil and small amounts of rock above it so it is inexpensive and relatively easy to obtain

The rock and soil found above a mine that must be removed to get to the mineral resource

The waste from mining that must be dealt with and can be an environmental problem if it is not

Digging deep into the Earth to get to the mineral resource. Pro: can get to a resource that is abundant deep within the Earth. Con: expensive and sometimes dangerous.

can get to a resource that is abundant deep within the Earth

expensive and sometimes dangerous

People moving from rural areas and into cities looking for jobs or other opportunities

Occurs when too many people living in cities close to the coastline draw on an aquifer for fresh water. The freshwater is removed and the salt water can move into the aquifer, destroying the aquifer.

Surfaces like concrete or asphalt that dont allow for water to infiltrate into the ground

Surfaces that do allow water to seep into the ground and replenish aquifers or water plants

Term used to describe cities as they expand more and more into the surrounding ecosystems/habitats

The area of land (measured in hectares) that a person or society uses due to the pressures it puts on the environment. In other words, the amount of natural resources that it takes to support one person or one society. People living in developed nations have a greater ecological footprint than people living in developing nations.

Occurs when cities are so covered with concrete, asphalt, buildings, and so on, that water cant infiltrate into the land and runs off instead

The ability of water to move through the soil and perhaps into an aquifer

The method of killing pests without using as much pesticide; for example, using predator bugs and rotating crops

A method of integrated pest management that uses predator bugs to control pest species

A method of integrated pest management where rows of crops that repel pests are planted next to the row of crops the farmer wants to sell

A method of rotating crops to different fields so the soil has a chance to recover and minerals are not depleted

Planting crops with the contour of the land to prevent erosion

Planting trees or shrubs next to crops to prevent wind erosion

Planting crops that dont need to be replanted each year but can be harvested multiple times throughout the year

Creating flat terraces on mountainsides to plant crops and prevent erosion

Planting crops without tilling, or churning the soil, before you plant

Planting crops in strips with one strip having a crop with deep, extensive roots and one that doesnt. The crop with roots will hold in the soil and prevent erosion that the other crop doesn’t do.

Moving animals around to various pastures to allow the grass to recover from grazing

Farm raising fish, shellfish, or aquatic plants to sell.

inexpensive and uses less water and energy