AP Statistics - Unit 3 - Collecting Data - Types of bias

When you are systematically underestimating or overestimating the value you are trying to estimate.

Based on individuals who choose to participate.

Based on choosing individuals who are easy to reach.

Happens when there is inadequate representation, and thus some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample.

Occurs when the question itself can lead to misleading results because people don’t want to be perceived as having unpopular or unsavory views or don’t want to admit to have committed crimes.

Low response rates; occurs when individuals chosen for the sample can’ be contacted or refuse to participate.

interviewers are given free choice in picking people in attempt to pick representatively with no randomization.

Occur when nonneutral or poorly worded questions lead to very unrepresentative responses or even when the order in which questions are asked makes a difference.