AP psych unit 1

idea that all knowledge comes from experience

described by Wundt; breaks down mental processes using introspection

described by William James; every mental state serves a purpose ex- allows us to adapt & survive

theory that all behaviors are determined by external stimuli in environment

people; watson, thorndike

studies how human capacity for growth as well as need for love, acceptance, and free will shape behavior

people; carl rogers, maslow

studies thought processes including perception, reasoning, interpretation, problem solving, language, and memory

people; festinger, piaget

science of behavior and mental processes

debate whether behavior is caused by nature (innate) or nurture (environment)

how natural selection and adaptation shape human behavior

people; darwin

how much behavior is effected by genetics

values, beliefs, and traditions shared by a group of people

focus on positive aspects to create a fulfilling life

ex; a gardender

combines multiple approaches; how biological, psychological, and social factors shape behavior

focuses on what can be observed; studies how conditioning and observational learning shape behavior

people; pavlov, skinner

studies how brain structure, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genetics shape behaviors

studies how unconscious thought processes and childhood shape behavior

people; freud

studies how culture and society shape human behavior

enhancement in long term retention of info as result of taking tests (retrieving info)

survey, question, read, recite, review

studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout lifespan

examines learning from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives

study of indv characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting

study of how we think about, influence, and relate to eachother

studies, asses, and treats people w psych disorders

deals w psych disorders; provide medical treatment & therapy to patients

• established first psych lab

• founder of structuralism

• first US psych lab

• child development

• structuralist (introspection)

• structuralism (introspection)

• first psych testbook

• founder of functionalism

• natural selection shapes behaviors

• nature side of nature-nurture

• evolutionary approach

• first woman APA pres

• memory researcher

• self psychology

• first woman psych phD

• the animal mind

• behaviorism

• little albert

• classical conditioning

• rejected introspection

• positive & negative reinforcement shapes behavior

• behaviorist

• psychodynamic approach

• other sexual stuff 🤦‍♀

• humanistic approach

• client-centered therapy

• hierarchy of needs

• humanist

• pavlovs dog

• behaviorist

• cognitive development in children

• humane treatment of institutionalized

• moral therapy

• humanitarian

tendency after learning and outcome, to claim to have forseen it

“i knew it all along”

statement of exact procedures used in study

in-depth study of a single individual

observing behavior is natural environment w/o manipulating or controlling the situation

unrepresentative sample

ex; if researchers where trying to show chocolate is more popular than vanilla, they could sample people who they know like chocolate

all those in a group being studied

sample that fairly represents the population, everyone had an equal chance of being selected

measure of the extent to which two factors vary tg, how well either factors predicts the other

statistical index of relationship between two things (-1.00 to 1.00)

anything that can vary and is feasible and ethical to measure

perceiving a relationship where none exists, or perceiving a stronger than actual relationship

ex; wearing special socks to a casino and winning a lot

group given treatment

group not given treatment; contrast w experimental

assigning participants to groups by chance to minimize pre existing difference between groups

both participants and experimenters are blind to whether participants have received treatment or placebo

ex; foreman & thirteen huntingtons trial

experimental results caused by expectations alone

factor other than the factor being studied that may influence results

extent to which a test measures what its supossed to

ex; survey designed to look at depression but measure anxiety is not valid

giving participants enough info ab study to ensure whether they want to participate or not

post experimental explanation of study including purpose and any deception

how likely results were obtained by chance, strong significance indicates it did not occur by chance

to determine if results occurred by chance, compare mean of control group to mean of experimental group