penn "words of the day" mini exam

a form of poetry with a specific rhyme scheme and fourteen lines (varieties include shakespearean and petrarchan)

a way of using letters to represent the rhyming pattern in a poem

(also known as elizabethan or english sonnets) these poems consist of three quatrains and a couplet.

they include an ABABCDCDEFEFGG rhyme scheme.

two lines that rhyme, notice that one appears at the end of every shakespearean sonnet, either to summarize the poem or to offer a twist

a shift, twist or turn. shakespeare often includes these in his couplets. petrarchan sonnets may include one after the octave.

four lines of rhyming poetry. the three quatrains in shakespeare's sonnets are generally three units of thought.

the pattern between stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry

the dominant meter in english poetry; consists of five "iambs" (unstressed, stressed), leading to ten syllables total with alternating emphasis

a group of 17th-century poets whose works are marked by philosophical exploration, colloquial diction, ingenious conceits, irony, and metrically flexible lines

consists of an octave (eight lines) followed by a sestet (six lines). generally follows an ABBAABBACDCDCD rhyme scheme

a philosophy dominant in the late 18th and early 19th century which emphasized the glory of nature over civilization, the power of conscience and emotion over logic, and the heroic possibilities of the individual

an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one

alternating between iambic tetrameter (8 syllables and iambic trimeter (6 syllables)

an idea that is true though it seems contradictory

emphasized syllable followed by un-emphasized syllable (opposite of unemphasized / emphasized style of iambic poetry)

an expression of sadness and disappointment

the sensations and emotions experience by the reader encountering a work of art (not always the same as tone, the speaker's attitude)

a poem that celebrates something

one statement followed by another with reversed word order

two words joined together that seem contradictory

a literary period from the early twentieth century, marked by an experimental, abstract style

verse that is written mainly to amuse and entertain and that is often marked by qualities of wit, elegance, and lyric beauty

when a poem includes a rest or pause in the middle of a line

when a speaker assumes a voice, a particular character is depicted speaking (as with a monologue)

especially experimental or unconventional artwork

short poetry focused almost entirely on visual images rather than figurative language

a phrase repeated throughout a poem

when something significant is relatively unremarked upon

stanzas of three lines (tercets) in which the middle rhyme is repeated into the next stanza (ABA, BCB, CDC, DED)

when a phrase or sentence continues after a line break

a brief description or portrait

a line of poetry that is a full sentence

when something is named after what it sounds like (sometimes this word is used to describe poems that mimic their subject)

a literary movement in the second half of the 20th century, defined by an experimental style and a breaking of norms.

opposites presented with similar syntax

pleasant-sounding words, sometimes created by rhyme and alliteration

when something is defined by another word with which it is closely associated ("hollywood")

a type of metonymy in which a part of something represents a whole of something or a whole represents a part of something ("all hands on deck")

a question with an implied and unstated answer, meant to inspire the reader into deeper consideration

when human characteristics are applied to a nonhuman thing

harsh or unpleasant sounds

a prayer that appears at the beginning of an epic, meant to invite the help of a muse, someone who will help with the storytelling task.

a long, narrative literary work in verse (poetry), usually about a hero, a journey-something larger than lite.

a narrative, usually oral, passed down within a culture, teaturing supernatural explanations of the world

a protagonist with both favorable and unfavorable characteristics

an extended comparison between two unalike things, features “like” or "as”

when a speaker addresses something that cannot respond, often begins with "O"

the point in a story when suspense reaches its highest intensity. the conflict reaches a peak, and the resolution follows.

a movement in the arts in which a fascination with humankind began to replace an emphasis on religion (includes shakespeare's period)

unrhymed iambic pentameter

a reterence to an older literary work, a way to utilize an audience's prior knowledge of a story, myth or historical event.

an american form of romanticism with special emphasis on conscience and paradox

a category of romanticism filled with macabre and dark imagery as a way of emphasizing the human capacity for fear

poetry that does not adhere to any traditional form, poetry without rhyme or meter

when a poet lists items

when items on a list appear with similar syntactical structure

any incomplete phrase that interrupts a full sentence or clause

two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed one

sensory details

rhyming poem that tells a story with quatrains

when things rhyme halfway

a period in the early twentieth century in which african american writers and artists flourished in new york city

two consecutive stressed syllables

a poem that is personal, written in first person, about emotions and feelings

an idea is stated twice, followed by a third statement in the form of a response

a repeated phrase at the beginning of each line

colloquial speech, informal language that represents a specific people group

the spread of individuals descended from africa into different parts of the world

omission of a conjunction, like "and" or "or"

a phrase repeated at the end of a series of clauses, sentences, or lines of poetry

a command or order

using words like "you" and "your" to address the audience directly

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices

repetition of consonant sound ("consonance"), especially on emphasized syllables

poetry that places special emphasis on personal experiences and covers subjects that might seem risky or taboo

repetition of vowel sounds

the belief that men and women are equal. feminists seek out subtle instances of injustice against women that others may overlook.

the person the speaker in the poem is addressing (often a "general" reader, sometimes someone specific

when rhyme occurs within a single line

a phrase that ends one line is repeated as it begins the following line

placing things side-by-side, especially so as to compare and contrast