AP HUG U5: Types of Agriculture/Hearths

Location: Tropical & subtropical Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia

Produces: Cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber, tobacco

Location: Southeastern US and Australia

Produces: Apples, lettuce, tomatoes

Location: Central Europe, the Midwest

Produces: Corn, milk, eggs, beef

Location: Southeast Asia, South America, sub-Saharan Africa

Produces: Rice, maize, cassava

Location: Southwest Asia, North Africa, Central and East Asia

Produces: Sheep, goats, horses

Location: West North America, Southeast Latin America, Central Asia

Produces: Cattle, sheep, goats

Wheats, oats, barley

Yams, coffee, sorghum

Maize, potatoes, squash, peppers

Rice, soybeansS

Mangos, coconutsw

An organism whose genome has been altered to promote specific traits that allow for increase production in livestock production

A chemical or natural substance that increases the soil’s fertility

A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms that are harmful to cultivated plants or animals

A substance used for destroying unwanted vegetation

Water is removed from a wetland to repurpose the land for use

Result: more pollutants in waterways, unique ecosystems removed

The variety of animals, plants and other living organisms living together

Result: decreased biodiversity can reduce an ecosystems ability to respond to climate change and diseases

Clearing a wide geographic area of trees/other vegetation

Result: leads to higher CO2, destroys ecosystems

Cutting and burning of plants to clear a field for planting

Result: deforestation, increased CO2 output

Moving water from one area to another that’s in need of water

Result: can drain local aquifers, cause soil salinization

The process of salt accumulating in the soil, making it difficult for crops and plants to grow

Result: can cause arable land to no longer be fertile and can lead to the destruction of unique ecosystems

The wearing away of soil due to a variety of reasons

Result: loss of agricultural productivity

Arable land loses its fertility and becomes a desert

Result: can lead to a loss of the area’s biodiversity

A type of agriculture where herders migrate with their livestock

Result: can lead to desertification

Growing crops on the side of hills or mountains

Result: can decrease the amount of water runoff but may also cause soil erosion if not done correctly

A traditional subsistence farming practice down in tropical regions. It involves clearing land by cutting down trees, burning them and then using the ash-rich layer as fertile ground. The land is then left to regenerate after a few years