AP Human Geo Unit 3 Vocab

foreign influences (often European) are absorbed and integrated with local meanings, especially in language

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.

A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.

A language that is mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.

The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.

A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages.

Name of a place.

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people of a country or region.

The language family that is the most widely-spoken and has the largest number of speakers; Includes the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic branches (among many others).

A language family that includes languages spoken in parts of China and Myanmar.

Cultural traits; Identity with people who share cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.

Identity as member of a nation/state; Legal status (citizenship); Allegiance (loyalty) to a nation/state

Physical traits; Identity with a group of people based on a biological ancestor.

A belief in superiority or inferiority of people purely because of race.

The mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to create an ethnically homogenous region.

A process in which a more powerful ethnic group attempts to remove a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.

Separation of races into geographic areas ("homelands"); Forced migration of blacks into "homelands"; Established in South Africa after independence from the British Empire and in effect until the 1990s.

Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved thA religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most important thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering.

A monotheistic universalizing religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus.

A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body

People who come from a common ethnic background but who live in different regions outside of the home of their ethnicity

A distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory.

A religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).

An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion

The belief of the existence of only one god

Belief in or worship of more than one god

A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations, especially in politics

An ethnic religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

A universal religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran.

A monotheist ethnic religion that originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people in the 8th century BCE; Hearth at Canaan (modern day Israel and Palestine).

A system of beliefs shared by a group with objects for devotion, rituals for worship and a code of ethics.

A Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed's son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam; A major branch of Islam.

A belief system which blends Hindu traditions with Islamic monotheistic traditions. Hearth in India and Pakistan; Holy city at Amritsar, India.

A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad; The major branch of Islam.

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.

Traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation.

Found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in personal characteristics.

Food, clothing, and shelter; The physical objects produced by a society in order to meet its needs.

Frequent repetition of an act until it becomes characteristic of a group of people.

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

Repetitive act performed by an individual.

The process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, often used to describe immigrant adaptation to a new place of residence.

Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture.

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

The specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of popular culture.

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

the scientific study of language

notion that successful societies leave their cultural imprints on a place each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

traditional building styles of different cultures, religions, and places

Building that combines traditional and contemporary influences

the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female

an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background

people who are the original inhabitants of a country

The feeling that an area has a distinct and meaningful character

The process of creating a physical environment that is comfortable and reflects one's values, experiences, and tastes

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

a force that divides people and countries

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination.

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication.

the restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences

the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

The unification or blending of people, ideas, or practices, frequently in the realm of religion.

The practice of valuing and respecting differences in culture