[RC] Chapter 1

In designing a structure, two general steps are deemed necessary. What are those two steps?

The first recorded use of concrete in modern times.

How did John Smeaton utilize the use of concrete?

The English bricklayer who obtained the patent for cement is?

This French inventor built a rowboat made of concrete with a parallel wires network as reinforcements.

A Frenchman who invented reinforced concrete and received a patent for constructing concrete basins or tubs and reservoirs with wire mesh or iron wire as the reinforcement.

He found that both concrete and steel behave homogeneously after experimenting for the flexural test in 50 reinforced concrete beams with iron bars as tension reinforcements.

Thaddeus Hyatt’s assumption on concrete has been proven important in designing a concrete using elastic theory. The design principle in which this was used was:

The most adapted design philosophy was introduced by this American Civil Engineer. Wherein he replaced the assumption of a linear stress distribution in WSD with the average stress.

The reinforced concrete was further developed by introducing pre-compression in the tension area to reduce cracks. This development was the introduction of a?

The American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code has specified the use of what design principle and in what year?

It is also known as the Alternate Stress Design or Straight-line Design

It is also known as the Strength Design.

It is a method of designing reinforced concrete in which concrete is assumed to be elastic.

This design principle is based on elastic theory where the concrete and steel act together elastically in which the stress-strain relationship is linear and within the proportional limit based on Hooke’s Law.

It is a method in which structural elements are evaluated at their ultimate failure state. This method acknowledges the nonlinear behavior of concrete and steel and the importance of applying the factor of safety in proportion to the degree of uncertainty for specific materials’ loading conditions.

This has been the primary structural design code in the country since its first edition un 1972.

This code provides guidance to civil and structural engineers when designing and assessing buildings and other structures, particularly in considering the application of loads dye to natural disasters.

This code is a standard of the American Concrete Institute and one reference code in NSCP.

This code is partly a specification-type code that determines the proper methods for testing, inspection, and building code requirements.

It exhibits the minimum design requirements consistently with good safety considerations and reasonable provisions considering the accountability in the economy criterion of structural design.

The allowable compressive stress of concrete.

The specified compressive strength of concrete at 28 days curing

Unit weight of concrete

The modulus of elasticity of concrete.

fs (0.5 fy)

The yield stress of steel.

It is one of the main structural members in the building structure with long, horizontal, or inclined members and is limited in width and depth.

Its main purpose is to support loads from the slab.

Its main purpose is to support loads from the beam and the slab.

It is a horizontal plate structural member in the building floor or roof . Its depth is relatively small compared to its length or width.

This member is the most critical structural member in the building.

This member is subjected to axial loads or axial loads and moments.

It supports the loads from the slab and beam/girder.

This member is located below the natural grade soil.

Its shape is typically in pads or strips that support the column member and spread its loads immediately to the ground.

It is a type of problem in which service loads are given and directly applied in the structure.

This type of problem aims to determine the appropriate size of concrete and the number and sizes of steel reinforcements needed in structural design elements.

It is a type of problem in which structural elements have dimensions or sizes and have complete details for the steel reinforcements.

This type of problem is integrated with structural analysis to evaluate the capacity of the structure in order to draw conclusion (safe or unsafe) when the service loads and natural loads are applied.

Unit Weight of Steel

Modulus of Elasticity of Steel

This failure occurs when the compressive stress of concrete reaches the allowable compressive stress.

This failure is initiated by steel reinforcement when the tensile stress of steel reaches the allowable tensile stress.

This refers to the balance failure of concrete and steel in which the compressive stress of concrete reaches the allowable compressive stress, and at the same time, the tensile stress of steel reaches the allowable tensile stress.

This design refers to the proportioned design in which the maximum stresses in concrete and steel are reached simultaneously, causing both concrete and steel to fail at the same time.

This type of design’s failure is caused by the simultaneous crushing of concrete and yielding of steel.

The failure in this design is initiated by yielding the steel reinforcement.

It is a design in which steel reinforcement is less than the required for balanced conditions because when the ultimate load will be reached, the steel begins to yield while the compression of concrete is still under-stressed.

The failure under this condition is ductile and will give warning to the user in the structure before its collapse.

The failure in this design is initiated by crushing of concrete.

It is a design in which steel reinforcement is more than the required for the balanced condition and the steel reinforcement will not yield before failure.

It is the most important criterion in designing reinforced concrete.

This criterion provides guaranteed stability in the structure when loads are applied.

It is the second important criterion in designing reinforced concrete.

This refers to the least dimensions of concrete and less usage of steel reinforcements in the structural members without compromising the structural safety considering the financial aspect criterion.

It is the last criterion to be considered in designing reinforced concrete.

The structure must be evaluated based on the principle underlying this criterion.

Standard Bar Diameters

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