P2 East Asia Practice

China's Yuan Dynasty, founded by Mongol invader Kublai Khan in 1271, was overthrown in 1368, after less than a century in power. The ____ _______ (1368-1644) assumed power. ____ rulers managed to stabilize the East Asian region for nearly 300 years. The ____ era would see the arrival of the Portuguese and other Europeans, who aimed to encroach on the Asian trade network.

In 1644, the powerful Manchu (from neighboring Manchuria) seized power and established the ____ _______, which would rule until 1911.

Nomadic people from Manchuria (north of China) who established the Qing Dynasty in 1644.

In Beijing, members of the royal family lived in the _________ ____, a walled compound of royal palaces.

wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior

In 1405, the Ming emperor Yongle sent a Muslim admiral, _____ __, on the first of seven great voyages. _____ traveled to Indonesia, Ceylon, and other coastal areas on the Indian Ocean, to Arabia, and to the east coast of Africa as well as the Cape of Good Hope. The main purpose of the voyages was to display the might of the Ming Dynasty to the rest of the world and to review tribute from them.

A canal linking northern and southern China

To ensure control of trade, the Portuguese had constructed a series of forts stretching from Hormuz on the Persian Gulf to Goa in western India to Malacca on the Malay Peninsula. The aim of the fort construction was to establish a ________ (complete control over a market) over the spice trade in the area.

Traditional Han Chinese clothing encouraged by the Qing Dynasty

The Qing were less tolerant than Mongol leaders, and they resolved to make their culture dominant in China. For example, men were obligated to dress in the Manchu style, wearing ______ (braided pigtails), and those who refused were executed.

a Han defector who fought for the Qing dynasty to enforce Qing rule; killed thousands

One of China's longest-reigning emperors, ______ (ruled 1661-1722) presided over a period of stability and expansion in China. ______ sent forces into Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia, incorporating those areas into the empire. A Confucian scholar and poet himself, he urged education and the building of schools.

Emperor Kangxi authorized the compilation of the ______ __________, with about 42,000 Chinese characters, which became the standard Chinese dictionary of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Emperor Kangxi also sponsored a massive __________ __ _____, comparable to Diderot's Encyclopedia during the 18th century in France.

China also imposed a protectorate over _____, the mountainous land north of India, a policy reflected in China's control of the region today.

Another important Qing ruler was Emperor ________ (ruled 1736-1795)), a poet, who was also knowledgeable in art and calligraphy. At the beginning of his reign, the country was well administered and government tax collections were at an all-time high. He emptied the empire's treasury through his extensive military expansion.

Qianlong initiated military campaigns in lands west of China, which led to the annexation of Xinjiang accompanied by the mass killings of the local population. Even today, parts of Xinjiang remain troubled, as the local Muslim population, called _______, have never fully become incorporated into the rest of Chinese culture.

Qianlong also sent armies into Tibet to install the _____ ____ on the throne there.

During the later part of Qianlong's reign, the traditionally efficient Chinese bureaucracy became corrupt, levying high taxes on the people. In response to these high taxes and a desire to restore the Ming Dynasty, a group of peasants organized the _____ _____ _________ (1796-1804). The Qing government suppressed the uprising brutally, killing around 100,000.

China was a -_____ _______ in comparison to Western European nations, meaning that although some industry existed, the vast majority of people still worked on farms.

Conflicts between landholding aristocrats called ______ left Japan in disarray. Each ______ had his own army of warriors known as samurai, ambition to conquer more territory, and power to rule his fiefdoms as he saw fit.

Military leaders known as _______ ruled Japan in the emperor's name from the 12th to the 15th centuries.

The Japanese system of centralized government under a shogun, who exercised actual power while the emperor was reduced to a figurehead.

The first of the three powerful daimyo was ___ ________. Armed with muskets purchased from Portuguese traders, _______ and his samurai took over Kyoto in 1568. He then began to extend his power, forcing daimyo in the lands around Kyoto to submit. ________ had unified about 1/3 of what is today Japan when he was assassinated in 1582.

Nobunaga's successor, ________ _________, continued expanding the territory until most of what we know know as Japan was under his control.

After Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death in 1598, the center of power shifted to the city of Edo (Tokyo), controlled by the daimyo ________ ______ (ruled 1600-1616), who was declared shogun in 1603.

The ________ _________ set about reorganizing the governance of Japan in order to centralize control over what was essentially a feudal system. The Tokugawa government required that daimyo maintain residences both in their home territory, and also in the capital; if the daimyo himself was visiting his home territory, his family had to stay in Tokyo, essentially as hostages. This kept the daimyo under the control of the shogunate, reducing them to landlords who managed the hans, rather than independent leaders.

Tokugawa Ieyasu's successors would continue to rule Japan into the mid-19th century, in an era known as the ______ __ _____ _____.

Japan was divided into 250 ____, or territories, each of which was controlled by a daimyo who had his own army and was fairly independent.

The very bottom rung of society was occupied by the ___, a class comparable to the untouchables in India. The ___ were ostracized because they performed unclean jobs, such as executioner and butcher. Tightly regulated by the Japanese government, the ___ would not be emancipated until 1871.

Except for its close links with China, Korea largely remained isolated from the rest of the world, earning it the title, the ______ _______.

Which country is a tributary state(of China) that fought of Japan and has a simple writing system for its language? It struggled to maintain its identity.

Which country was unified by 3 powerful daimyo. Art and literature prospered and haikus were developed. Christian worship was banned and by the 1630s, all foreigners and foreign books were banned.

what was the punishment for not accepting Manchu culture, such as queues.

1st modern novel created during the Qing Dynasty

the White Lotus Rebellion began

He felt threatened by the flashy foreign culture OR he wanted to maintain a agrarian life under Confucianism

....the Chinese was pushed out of South Asia early

Period 2

Northern capital of China during Ming Dynasty

southern capital of Ming Dynasty

...the Europeans smuggling drugs into China and the Opium Wars

Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mind 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium. China lost and Britain and most other European powers were able to develop a strong trade presence throughout China against their wishes.

a large wall started that surrounded China that was lengthened and refurbished during the Ming Dynasty

origin home of the Manchu

...Jesuits tried to convert masses