Chapter 10: American Revolution and the New Nation (1775–1787)

Meeting that authorized the creation of a Continental army. Many delegates still hoped that conflict could be avoided with the British.

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine attacking the system of government by monarchy. This document was very influential throughout the colonies.

The defeat of the British in Virginia, ending their hopes of winning the Revolutionary War.

The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War. By this treaty, Great Britain recognized American independence and gave Americans territory between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.

Document establishing the first government of the United States. The states retained much power and little power was given to the federal government.

Bills authorizing the sale of lands in the Northwest Territory to raise money for the federal government. Bills also laid out procedures for these territories to eventually attain statehood.

Battles of Lexington and Concord Meeting of Second Continental Congress

Common Sense published by Thomas Paine

Declaration of Independence approved Surrender of British forces of General Burgoyne at Saratoga

State constitutions written in 10 former colonies

Continental army encamped for the winter at Valley Forge French begin to assist American war efforts

Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown Articles of Confederation ratified

Signing of the Treaty of Paris

Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts

Northwest Ordinance establishes regulations for settlement of territories west of the Appalachian Mountains

The Massachusetts assembly defied General ______ and ruled most of the colony outside of Boston, where Gage sat with his small army of Redcoats.

On April 19, the British vanguard met 80 militiamen in ____. The militia commander ordered his men to retreat, but not everyone heard him.

The British continued their advance to _______. They were ready for the Americans, who were gathering militiamen. The British destroyed some military supplies but did little damage.

In May, he and his Vermont Green Mountain Boys took Fort Ticonderoga from its tiny British garrison.

In March 1776, ______’s snow-dragged cannon convinced the British to leave Boston.

In May, the _______ faced unprecedented challenges: the colonies were in rebellion and fighting the world's largest maritime empire.

Congress formed the ___________ and appointed George Washington of Virginia as its commander.

Congress formed a _________ committee and issued paper money to fund the war.

Congress sent George III the _______ to mediate a "happy and permanent reconciliation" between the colonies and the British government.

This forced even colonial moderates to consider American independence.

In January 1776, Thomas Paine published _______, one of the most influential political works in American history.

He published Common Sense

On June 7, 1776, ________ of Virginia placed a motion before Congress resolving “that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States. …”

Jefferson's text invoked _______'s natural rights theory, stating that "certain unalienable rights" include "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

America’s Independence Day

Redcoat Regulars

_________ in New York City sailed for Philadelphia to capture the American capital and defeat Washington's army.

Howe's Philadelphia gambit failed and deprived General __________'s army, advancing toward Albany from Canada, of crucial support.

Burgoyne surrendered on _____.

Washington supported German officer Baron von Steuben's efforts to improve troop training. Steuben's efforts paid off at the __________ in June 1778.

The American delegation signed a treaty with the British on ________

The Americans won lucrative fishing rights off ________ by promising the British to pay prewar merchant debts and return Loyalist property.

By fall 1777, the ________ completed a limited national government constitution.

A ____ with one vote per state was the new government's centerpiece.

They ratified the Articles of Confederation in 1781, establishing the new government.

This established western states.

This established a system for selling western lands and reserved a section of land in each township for public education.

This ceded all state claims to western lands to the national government. It created the Northwest Territory, a jurisdiction expected to eventually be divided into three to five states. It established a procedure for a territory to apply for statehood.

The Ordinance outlawed ____ in the Northwest Territory, dividing slave and free states along the Ohio River.

A Continental Army veteran who had suffered financial hardships, named the uprising.

The purpose of the Olive Branch Petition was to

Women were important in the war effort because they

The weakness of the national government created by the Articles of Confederation was demonstrated by the fact that it was not given the power to