APUSH Presidents Test

Critical (1788-1815)

• Farewell Address: Washington's farewell address warned against political factions and foreign entanglements.

Critical (1788-1815)

• Alien and Sedition Acts: Passed during Adams' presidency, these laws restricted immigration and limited free speech.

Critical (1788-1815)

• Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson's administration acquired a vast territory from France, doubling the size of the United States.

Critical (1788-1815)

• War of 1812: Conflict between the United States and Britain, marked by battles such as the Battle of New Orleans and the burning of Washington, D.C.

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS/ERA OF THE COMMON MAN: 1815-1840

• Monroe Doctrine: Monroe's policy declaring that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to further European colonization or interference.

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS/ERA OF THE COMMON MAN: 1815-1840

• Corrupt Bargain: Controversial election result where Adams was accused of making a deal with Henry Clay to win the presidency in 1824.

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS/ERA OF THE COMMON MAN: 1815-1840

• Trail of Tears: Jackson's forced relocation of Native American tribes, primarily the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States.

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS/ERA OF THE COMMON MAN: 1815-1840

• Panic of 1837: Economic depression during Van Buren's presidency, marked by bank failures, unemployment, and business bankruptcies.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Shortest Presidency: Harrison's tenure lasted only 31 days, the shortest in American history, before he died of pneumonia.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Annexation of Texas: Tyler's administration led the annexation of Texas, which eventually led to the Mexican-American War.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Mexican-American War: Conflict between the United States and Mexico over territorial disputes, resulting in the acquisition of significant territory in the Southwest.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Compromise of 1850: Series of laws aimed at resolving territorial and slavery disputes, including the admission of California as a free state.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Kansas-Nebraska Act: Pierce's support for this act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed for the possibility of slavery in new territories, intensified sectional tensions.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Dred Scott Decision: Supreme Court ruling that declared African Americans were not citizens and that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln's executive order that freed slaves in Confederate-held territory, changing the focus of the Civil War to include abolition.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Reconstruction: Johnson's policies after the Civil War aimed at bringing the Southern states back into the Union, often criticized for being lenient towards former Confederates.

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD: 1840-1860

• Reconstruction Amendments: Grant's presidency saw the ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, abolishing slavery, granting citizenship and voting rights to African Americans.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Compromise of 1877: Informal agreement that settled the disputed 1876 presidential election, leading to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the end of Reconstruction.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Assassination: Garfield was assassinated just six months into his presidency by Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act: Arthur signed this act into law, establishing a merit-based system for federal employment.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Panic of 1893: Economic depression during Cleveland's second term, marked by bank failures, unemployment, and labor unrest.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Sherman Antitrust Act: Harrison signed this act into law, aimed at curbing the power of monopolistic trusts and promoting fair competition.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Spanish-American War: Conflict between the United States and Spain, resulting in the acquisition of territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Spanish-American War (1898): Conflict between the United States and Spain, resulting in the acquisition of territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Panama Canal (1904-1914): Roosevelt's administration oversaw the construction of the Panama Canal, a major engineering feat that facilitated trade and military transportation.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Dollar Diplomacy (1909-1913): Taft's policy of using American economic influence to promote stability and access to markets in Latin America and East Asia.

GILDED AGE: 1877-1900

• Fourteen Points (1918): Wilson's post-World War I plan for peace, advocating for principles such as self-determination and the League of Nations.

ROARING TWENTIES: 1920-1929

• Teapot Dome Scandal (1921-1922): Harding's administration was marred by this scandal involving the illegal leasing of government-owned oil reserves.

ROARING TWENTIES: 1920-1929

• Roaring Twenties (1920s): Coolidge's presidency was marked by economic prosperity and cultural change, characterized by consumerism and technological advancements.

ROARING TWENTIES: 1920-1929

• Great Depression (1929-1941): Hoover's presidency was overshadowed by the worst economic downturn in American history, marked by widespread unemployment and poverty.
  

THE NEW DEAL/ERA OF REFORM: 1929-1945

• New Deal (1933-1938): Roosevelt's series of programs and reforms aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression, including Social Security and the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

THE NEW DEAL/ERA OF REFORM: 1929-1945

• Truman Doctrine (1947): Truman's policy aimed at containing the spread of communism, providing economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey.

THE COLD WAR: 1945-1968

• Interstate Highway System (1956): Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act, leading to the construction of the interstate highway system, promoting economic growth and national defense.

THE COLD WAR: 1945-1968

• Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): Kennedy's confrontation with the Soviet Union over the placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba, which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.

THE COLD WAR: 1945-1968

• Civil Rights Act of 1964 (1964): Johnson signed this landmark legislation, outlawing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

DÉTENTE/RAPPROACHEMENT: 1968-2000

• Watergate Scandal (1972-1974): Nixon's involvement in the cover-up of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, leading to his resignation from the presidency.

DÉTENTE/RAPPROACHEMENT: 1968-2000

• Pardon of Richard Nixon (1974): Ford granted a full pardon to Nixon for any crimes he may have committed while in office, causing controversy and contributing to Ford's defeat in the next election.

DÉTENTE/RAPPROACHEMENT: 1968-2000

• Camp David Accords (1978): Carter's negotiation of peace between Israel and Egypt, resulting in a historic peace treaty between the two nations.

DÉTENTE/RAPPROACHEMENT: 1968-2000

• Reaganomics (1980s): Reagan's economic policies, including tax cuts, deregulation, and increased military spending, aimed at stimulating economic growth and combating inflation.

DÉTENTE/RAPPROACHEMENT: 1968-2000

• Gulf War (1990-1991): Bush's administration led a coalition of nations in a military operation to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait, following Iraq's invasion of the country.

DÉTENTE/RAPPROACHEMENT: 1968-2000

• NAFTA (1994): Clinton signed the North American Free Trade Agreement, creating a free trade zone between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

DÉTENTE/RAPPROACHEMENT: 1968-2000

• War on Terror (2001-present): Bush's response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, including the invasion of Afghanistan and the subsequent war in Iraq.

DÉTENTE/RAPPROACHEMENT: 1968-2000

• Affordable Care Act (2010): Obama's signature healthcare reform, also known as Obamacare, aimed at increasing access to health insurance and reducing healthcare costs.