biology - chromosomes

NON-DIVIDING long strands of DNA that hold/carry genes

provides information about who we are

ex. hair color, eye color

half of a gene (meaning 1 half from mom or dad)

fertilized egg

the point where to chromosomes meet and connect

the cap found at the end of each chromosome arm

used to protect the chromosome when it duplicates but, it becomes shorter each duplication

DNA = composed of nucleotides and looks like a twisted ladder

mtDNA = DNA found in the mitochondria that comes from the maternal (mother) side

PO3H2

Adenine (A)

Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G)

Thymine (T)

2 matching strands, a phosphate group, sugar on the outside, nitrogenous base in the center.

4 scientists produced a 1 page paper explaining DNA and proving that it has a helical shape

they won the nobel prize in 1962 (franklin didn’t get it because she died)

Franklin (the best scientist in her field) received an x-ray of crystallography

scientific bases are always paired with other specific bases

Adenine to Thymine

Cytosine to Guanine

non gender cells

for example: bones and blood cells

female = XX, male = XY

wrap around DNA to protect it

a chromosomal map that is used to study gender chromosomes

the longest part of the chromosome from the centromere “q”

shortest part of the chromosome from the centromere “p”