Unit 5: Cognitive psychology

Auditory stimulation

Visual stimulation

The place where we sort and encode information before transferring it to long term memory

Essentially all of your knowledge of yourself and the world around you

If it can affect behavior or mental processes without fully conscious (knowing how)

Always involve consciousness (knowing what)

The brains ability to focus on stimuli

The modification of information to fit the preferred format for the memory

The retention of encoded material over time

The locating and recovering of information from memory

Memory is encoded during REM sleep, the hippocampus processes memories for later retrieval

When a new memory blocks the retrieval of an old memory

When an old memory disrupts the learning and remembering of a new memory

A learning procedure in which practice periods for a particular task are separate by rest periods

Creating memory patterns or meaningful unit of memory

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use visual imagery and organizational devices

Encoding of memory, including meaning of words (Pi story)

Search terms we use to activate

Tendency to recall last terms in a list the best

A theory which says we tend to selectively remember memories that match (are congruent with) our mood

We often construct our memories as we encode them, and we may also alter our memories as we withdraw them

People tend to continually halve their memory of newly learned knowledge in a matter of days or weeks unless they actively review the learned material

Forgetting caused by lapse in attention

Attributing to the wrong source an even we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

Loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia

Unable to recall events that occurred before the development of amnesia

The inability of adults to recollect early episodic memories

Argues that children’s readiness to learn language is a preprogrammed step to acquire language

In a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning

Grammar rules for combing words into sensible sentences in a given language

The time during which a given behavior is especially susceptible to, and indeed requires specific environmental influences to develop normally

Early speed stage in which the child speaks like a telegram (“go car”) using mostly bounds and verbs, omitting “auxiliary” words

Linked to many fosters that can be analyzed by factor analysis

Proposes eight types of intelligences and speculates a ninth one -existential intelligence

Proposes three intelligences rather than eight, analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence

Administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison

How well a test measures what it has been designed to measure, reliability is the ability to consistently find similar results

When one must reproduce previously presented material (Police sketch)

When one must identify information that is provided, which was previously presented

Processing of servers aspects of a problem simultaneously (motion, depth, color, and form)

An increase in a cells firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

Problem solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome if correctly applied

Simple, basic rules that serve as shortcuts to solve complex mental tasks

Tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions

Clinging to one’s intials conceptions after the basis on which they formed has been discredited

More logical and has the goal of arriving at a “correct answer”

Involves exploring many possible solutions, spontaneous, unorganized thought

A mental image or best example of a category, formed on the basis of frequently experienced features

Tendency to approach a problem in a particular wah

Triggers a thread of associations that bring us to a concept

The way an issue is posed

What we know from experience, culture, learning and education, used when we try to solve problems we’ve seen before

Raw processing speed, mental quickness, and abstract reasoning, used to solve problems we haven’t seen before