Studied by 6 peopleEndothermic Reaction
Heat put into reaction; Breaking bonds; Positive ΔH
Exothermic Reaction
Heat coming out of a reaction; Forming bonds ΔH
How is ΔH affected when the reaction doubles?
ΔH will double
How is ΔH affected when the reaction is reversed
The sign for ΔH changes
When adding the reactions…
Add the ΔH
Enthalpy (ΔH)
Heat at a constant pressure
Entropy (ΔS)
A measure of molecular randomness or disorder OR function that describes the # of arrangements available to a system existing in a given state
Free Energy (ΔG)
Amount of internal energy in a system available for work
When the temperature increases…
The entropy of a substance increases
Spontaneous Process
A process that occurs without outside intervention
ΔG = 0
K = 1, At Equilibrium
ΔG < 0
ΔK > 1, Spontaneous
ΔG > 0
ΔK < 1, Non-spontaneous
Conditions that a reaction is spontaneous at all temps
ΔH is negative, ΔS is positive
Conditions that a reaction is spontaneous at high temps
ΔH is positive, ΔS is positive
Conditions that a reaction is spontaneous at low temps
ΔH is negative, ΔS is negative
Conditions that a reaction is NOT spontaneous at any temps
ΔH is positive, ΔS is negative
Entropy ranking (?)
Sₛ < Sₗ << S₉
Precipitation
Liquid to Solid
Sublimation
Solid to Gas
Deposition
Gas to Solid
Evaporation
Liquid to Gas
Note
Flashcard