America, 1920-1973: Opportunity and inequality - Key terms

Organisations established under the New Deal

The belief that everyone has the right to be successful

A political person who doesn’t believe in any type of government

African-Americans who were prepared to establish a separate African-American state

A black nationalist group set up in the 1960s

Barred

Former soldier who demanded his war pension sooner than it was due

A smuggler of alcohol during prohibition

A form of protest where you refuse to buy something or use a service

A popular dance from the 1920s with very fast hand and body movements

A period of tension between the capitalist USA and the Communist USSR

Goods that are sold direct to ordinary people for their home, for example TVs (as opposed to goods sold to other businesses)

Congress of Racial Equality. Set up in 1942 by James Farmer. Led the Freedom Rides

Dishonest conduct by those in power

A kind of loan

An environmental disaster of the 1930s. Over-farming and drought made land infertile

Government agents who had to stop the transport and sale of alcohol under prohibition

Roosevelt’s radio broadcasts to the nation. His way of reassuring the American public

A young middle-class woman who drank, smoked and cut her hair short

Civil Rights campaigners took long bus rides to show that public transport was still segregated in the early 1960s

Paying in instalments

A shanty town for the homeless in US cities during the Great Depression

The first 100 days of Roosevelt’s presidency when the New Deal was put in place

A white supremacist organisation that was popular in the southern states of the USA

To leave something alone. In business, the government would not interfere to allow profits to increase

Arrangement for USA to supply weapons to Europe during the Second World War but not expect payment until after the war was over

Killed by a mob without trial

Making items quickly and on a big scale so making them cheaper

To make accusations of treason (for example communism) without full evidence

Kennedy’s policies to improve health care for poor people in the USA

Montgomery Improvement Association. Founded in 1955 and led by Martin Luther King, it organised the Bus Boycotts in the same year

Moving for jobs

The first mass produced car. Made by Henry Ford in 1908

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

A black nationalist group led by Malcolm X

Campaigned for gender equality

Roosevelt’s policies to improve to relieve poverty, reduce unemployment and bring economic recovery

The style of protest preferred by Martin Luther King

A new way of making good developed by Henry Ford

A limited or fixed number of people or things

The fear of Communism in the 1920s

To remove or reverse a law

A court case that ended with abortion being legal in the first three months of pregnancy

Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Set up in 1957 by Martin Luther King, it took part in many Civil Rights protests

A protest of sitting at lunch counters to end segregated seating

Student Non-Violent Coordination Committee set up in 1960. It led the sit-in protests

Illegal bar during prohibition

An investor of money for the hope of gain, but also risking loss

The buying and selling of shares in a company

A type of tax charged on imports

A new term used in the late 1950s for the rebellious youth

A Christian group that campaigned for Prohibition

Breaking the highest laws of America

The law that started prohibition in 1920

The legal protections that allow people to vote

The 1929 slump on the stock market in New York. People lost a lot of money and it led to the Great Depression of the 1930s

People bought bonds from the government boosting the government budget for war