Unit 2: Colonial Am. (1607-1754) Full Review

Country that wanted to colonize mainly to “Christianize” natives.

A system of using natives for slave labor

God, Gold, Glory

Natives in present day Mexico rebelled against the Spanish due to frustrations with restrictions on their faith. They succeeded for about 10 yrs, driving the Spanish out, but when Pope, the leader, died the Spanish returned.

- settled in Canada

- low number of settlers, mostly fur traders

- nice to the natives

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

- good climate and soil for growing

- religion was important, but growing the economy was more important

- saw natives as disposable

- Started by the Virginia Company, a joint stock company (hint hint)

- Where Jamestown was founded (1607)

- Huge profits on Tobacco

- Where House of Burgesses was established (first colonial representative gov)

- most ppl here were indentured servants

- not a lot of women so they had more rights

(part of the Southern Colonies)

conflicts with local Indians (Pocahontas’ tribe)

British gov gave ppl 50 acres if they paid for an indentured servant’s passage to the Americas (this was to encourage population growth)

When poor indentured servants who’s contract had ended found that most of the good land was taken they were frustrated. Led by Nathaniel Bacon against planter class, burning Jamestown and forcing gov. Berkeley to flee. Resulted in less indentured servants and more slave usage.

- Royal African Company lost its charter and monopoly meaning any ship could transport slaves for profit

- wages rose in England so less indentured servants

- a refuge for catholics

- tobacco and indentured servants also played a large role in shaping this colony

- Act of Toleration (1649): passed to protect Catholics who were being outnumbered by Protestants

- part of the Chesapeake colonies along with Virginia

(part of the Southern Colonies)

- Cash crop was rice, a very labor intensive crop leading to increased imports of slaves

- majority slave population

(part of the Southern Colonies)

- less aristocratic; more independent

(part of the Southern Colonies)

- buffer state between Spanish and French and the more valuable Colonies like S. Carolina

- goal was to create a haven for people in debt

Manufactured good from Europe to Africa

Slaves from Africa to colonies

Raw materials from colonies to Europe

Journey from Africa to the Americas in which slaves were transported. Very bad conditions; many slaves died before reaching America.

- main cash crop was sugar

- required many slaves

- much of sugar was shipped to England

- most diverse colony

- New Jersey, Delaware, New York, and Pennsylvania

- founded by William Penn as a refuge for Quakers

- Quakers believed anybody could be saved. They were also nice to the Natives so the were often prosecuted

(part of the Middle Colonies)

- bad soil; subsistence agriculture was popular

- Shipbuilding, lumber, fishing

- Pilgrims and Puritans

- Pilgrims (1620) first settled here in Plymoth. They were Separatists who wanted to split from the Church of England.

- Puritans (1630) also settled here and wanted to purify the Church of England from within.

- wanted to purify the church

- Great Migration (1630s): many Puritans came to New England

- “city upon a hill”

- believed in predestination

- believed in the separation of church and state

English colonists massacre natives at the Mystic River in Connecticut

Natives attack villages along the frontier; massacre many settlers. This causes English settlers to attack and push natives further back

- allowed freedom of religion

- where Roger Williams and other Puritan “rejects” settled

- more Puritan settlements

- where they wrote the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”, the first example of a Constitution (hint hint)

Colonies provide raw materials to England and England manufactures those materials to sell them back to the colonies. The goal was to have the mother colony make a net positive income.

- colonial products had to be transported on England

- ships carrying imported goods from other Euro countries going to the colonies had to pay taxes on them

- a way for England to control trade and receive the most benefit from the colonies.

slave revolt in South Carolina attempt to escape to Spanish Florida but are defeated. SC passes harsh laws to restrict slaves in return

After many generations of settlers, many of the new Puritan descendants were not as passionate about religion as their ancestors. This movement was a spiritual revival intended to awaken people to take religion more seriously.

- guy who was sued because he wrote criticisms of a local politician

- was not found guilty because the criticisms were true

- trial helped establish an early tradition of freedom of press