AP Bio Final

Mitoplast

a mitochondria that is lacking its outer membrane

rRNA

component of ribosome subunits

Eubacteria

Group containing the “true” bacteria

Leeuwenhoek

Developed 1st light microscope

Phagocytosis

Process where a cell engulfs foreign material

Archaebacteria

Group containing the “ancient” bacteria

Virchow

Concluded that cells come from preexisting cells

Schleiden

Concluded that all plants are composed of cells

mRNA

Threads subunits to form ribosomes

Hooke

Originated term “cell”

Svedburg

Developed unit to label ribosome

Watson & Crick

What 2 scientists are credited w/ discovering the structure of DNA?

deoxyribose sugar & thymine

A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with ___?

nucleotides

RNA & DNA are large polymers composed of subunits known as____?

99%

What percentage of human DNA is identical from person to person?

Replication

Process by which DNA makes a copy of itself?

Transcription

Process by which RNA forms from existing DNA?

Ribosomes

Which cell organelle functions in protein synthesis?

Proteins

The message of the DNA code is information for building?

hydrogen

What type of bond holds the DNA base together?

Nucleus

Replication & transcription take place in which part of the cell?

Glycerol

Which of the following isn’t a monopeptide?

Cellulose

Which of the following isn’t made up of protein?

the carboxl group of 1 amino acid joins the amine group of the other in a condensation reaction

When two amino acids bond,______.

Maltose

Formed during digestion of starch

Chitin

Forms exoskeletons in the arthropods

Lactose

Milk sugar

Ribose

Sugar found in RNA

Starch

Polysaccharide used to store energy in plants

Sucrose

Disaccharide used to store energy in plants

Glycogen

also called “animal starch”

Alpha glucose

Monomer of starch

Galactose

Forms half of lactose

Beta glucose

Monomer of cellulose

Cellulose

Forms components of cell walls

Deoxyribose

Sugar found in DNA

F

Isotopes of an Element contain the same number of protons and different number electrons.

T

Electrons in different electron shells contain more energy if they are farther from the nucleus.

F

A molecule must contain more than 1 atom of more than one element.

T

Atoms can interact to give up, accept, or share electrons to produce a filled outer shell.

T

Water moderates the temp on earth because it can absorb & release large amounts of heat.

T

Buffers are chemicals that can both take up and release H+, thus maintaining pH changes in a chemical system.

Enzymes

Organic molecules that accelerate reactions

Coenzymes

Organic molecules that are carriers for chemicals or electrons

Oxidation

Removal of electrons (or H+) from a molecule

Reduction

Addition of electrons (or H+) to a molecule