AP Psychology - Vocabulary 15

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

(1) Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts (2) Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth (also called person-centered therapy)

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginary or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety -triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias

a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeated thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

a side effect of antipsychotic medications. a condition affecting the nervous system

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

an occult reinterpretation of Freud; the collective unconscious; there is a biological drive to unite with the divine

sibling rivalry; inferiority complex; striving for perfection a major cause of problems; power is the key to relationships

most famous interpreter of Freud today; to be happy we must limit our desires

Arthur Janov, pop psychology at its worst; a primal scream heals the trauma of childbirth

Victor Frankl; focus all attention on what gives meaning and problems become less significant; Existential in nature

William Glasser; face problems from a 'realistic' point of view; responsibility; contracts

have clear lines of communication; parent, adult and child taken from Freud's understanding of personality

Albert Ellis; in the cognitive tradition, but Ellis presents himself as a know-it-all guru with nihilistic tendencies

clients verbally report without censorship any thoughts that enter their awareness

refers to consistency between the way the therapist feel and the way he or she behaves

involves the clients' willingness to invest themselves in therapy and take risks required to change themselves

refers to the clients ability to experience and understand internal states, relate to the process of therapy, and apply what they have learned

developed by Marsha Linehan; eclectic treatment designed for borderline personality disorder

the finding for similar efficacy for widely different therapies