12/14 India + China test

also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, most mysterious civilization

why are the Harappans so mysterious?

urban society in the Indus Valley civilization

Religion in the Indus Valley Civilization

Gradual fade from power;natural disaster;outside conquerer

the second group to dominate Indo-Gangetic Plain

India from 1500-1000 BC. Aryan influences

language of Indo-Aryans

title of ruler in Indo-Aryan civilization

run city states;military legal authoruty;council

a colorist social structure in the Indo-Aryan civilization

a modern day religion that developed from a combination of Harappan and Indo-Aryan religions

“that which sustains everything”; the central symbol of Hinduism

Enlightenment

The Human conciousness

Wake, Sleep, Dream

Belief that all existing things are a part of a single energy or substance

The Creator in Hinduism; holds a vessel containing water and lotus blossoms

“The Preserver”; maintains existence; holds a conch and Naga(a snake with multiple heads)

“The Destroyer”; positive destruction; shown with a drum (beat of destruction) and a snake

religious text that forms the foundation of Indian Religion for centuries

a Hindu parable story; Vishnu becomes human; similar to Romeo and Juliet

a Hindu parable story; Rama and Sita

bottom of the caste system; viewed as a “disease”; called “Children of God” by Ghandi

the repeating cycle of birth, life, and death

fulfillment of ones moral duty in life

positive or negative force generated by your actions; decides your fate in next life

liberation from samsara; soul reunites with the universal energy

compassion for all life; includes animals

popular modern-day practice originating from Hindu practice to discipline and harmonize body and soul

Indian Prince in 500s BC; witnesses suffering of mankind and questions Hinduism

Siddhartha Gautama leaving Hinduism and his life due to unanswered philosophical questions

Enlightenment on earth

what Siddhartha Gautama became after being the first to experience Nirvana; “Enlightened one”

believed by some buddhists; those who turn back from nirvana to help society reach salvation

the 4 Noble Truths

Life is suffering; the cause of suffering is desire; the cure for suffering is to remove desire; to remove desire follow the eightfold path

follow the Eightfold path

how to remove desire

reincarnation process; actions on earth decide progress of soul; human desire must be controlled

Shang Dynasty

first recorded Chinese dynasty

second recorded dynasty; longest ruling Chinese dynasty

rules to prove the transition of one Chinese dynasty to another

the right to rule is granted by heaven; there is only one heaven, so only one ruler; the right to rule is based on the virtue of ruler; the right to rule is not limited to one dynasty

the principles of the Mandate of Heaven

Shang & Zhou religious evidence

religious artifacts from the Shang dynasty; don’t have many today because they were consumed

the dynasty that overthrows the Zhou

balance

Yin

dark, night, passive, female

Yang

light, day, hot, active, male

keeps yin & yang balanced; life force; flows through everything

practical applications of Yin & Yang

placement of objects to allow flow of Qi

Buddhism

a religion branching off of Hinduism; founded by Siddartha Gautama; anti-caste

Brahmins

priests; first class on caste

Kshatriyas

warriors and rulers; second class

vaisyas

skilled traders, merchants, minor officials; third class

sudras

unskilled workers and peasants; fourth class

Parians

outcasts/untouchables; last class

aging dynasty

a new dynasty becomes an

virtue

behavior showing high moral standards

neutral

rice is _____

bronze

metal used by the shang

dynastic cycle

the pattern of the governments’ receiving and losing the Mandate is depicted in China’s _____

pictographs

Early Chinese writing

citadel

structure in the middle of Indian cities