Studied by 9 peopleWhat are the 4 macromolecules?
carbohydrates (sugar), lipids, nucleic acids, proteins
carbohydrate suffix
-ose
Carbohydrates function
energy and structure
Carbohydrate properties
CHO (1:2:1), polar, hydrophilic
carbohydrate structure
hexagon/pentagon with hydroxyl
mono-sacchride examples
glucose, fructose, galactose
di-sacchride examples
sucrose, maltose, lactose
polysacchride examples
starch, fiber, glycogen
Lipid function
energy, insulation and protection
lipid properties
non-polar, no monomers, CHO no ratio
3 types of lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids/cholestrol
triglyceride structure
glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains, overall nonpolar
triglyceride types
saturated and unsaturated
Phospholipid structure
Phosphate group + glycerol + 2 fatty acids (polar)
phospholipid function
cell membrane structure
cholesterol structure
Hydrocarbon tail attached to 4 carbon rings and OH group. nonpolar
cholesterol function
membrane integrity and hormones
Nucleic Acid function
store and transmit genetic information
nucleic acid properties
CHONP, polar
Nucleic acid monomer name
nucleotide
nucleotide structure
phosphate group + pentagon (sugar) + nitrogenous base
nucleic polymers
DNA and RNA
DNA Structure
double helix
RNA structure
single helix
Protien function
enzymes and cell functions
protein properties
CHONS
Protein monomer
amino acids
amino acid structure
amino group + central carbon, hydrogen and R group + carboxylic group
how many amino acids are there?
20 amino acids, 9 are essential
how are amino acids bonded
di-peptide bonds
whats the primary protein structure
chain of amino acids, the order of amino acids determines the structure of the protien
What's the secondary structure of a protein?
the chain folds on itself, held together with Hydrogen bonds, fold into either a pleated sheet or helix
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
R-group interactions, held together with hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and di-sulfide bonds
What's the quaternary structure?
more R-group interactions, globlar protiens, has subgroups/subunits
whats protein denaturation
the unfolding of a protein/loss of 3rd and 4th group interactions. caused by heat or pH
Note
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