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epidermis
primary plant body
body during primary growth; increase in height
function of epidermis
cell types in the epidermis
stomata
Guard cells
Amphistomatic leaf
stomata occur on both surfaces
epistomatic leaf
stomata only on upper surface; common in aquatic plants that float
Hypostomatic leaf
stomata only on lower surface; common in most
trichomes
root hairs
extension of absorbing surface
trichomes
what are cotton fibers
periderm
replaces the epidermis in roots and stems when it cant cope w increase in diameter
periderm consists of
phellogen
cork (phellem)
phelloderm
bark
rhytidome
outer bark
outer vs inner bark
lenticels
xylem axial system
xylem parenchyma
xylem radial system
primary xylem has no rays
why does xylem systema only apply to 2X
tracheary elements
Water-conducting cells in plants that, when mature, are always dead and empty of cytosol
sclerenchyma
what are tracheids and vessel elements made of
lumen
space inside trach elements
Spindle (long and tapered at both ends)
tracheids shape
Drum or barrel shaped
vessel elements shape
imperforate
tracheids perforation
yes, devoid at both end walls
vessel elements perforation
overlapping
tracheids arrangement
end on end
vessel elements arrangement
less efficient
tracheids water conduction
more efficient
vessel elements water conduction
why do vessel elements conduct water more efficiently than tracheids
mx and 2x
where are simple and bordered pits located in Tracheids and Vessels
annular, helical/spiral, scaliforme, reticulate
2ndary walls ng primary xylem
cavitation
embolism
air space that prevents water from passing thru vessel element
thru bordered pit pairs
how does water take a detour pag may embolism
water column breaks when water vapor/gas is trapped within; alternation betw freezing and thawing
how does cavitation happen
xylem sap
the water and dissolved minerals in the xylem
conifers in cold climate
where is cavitation common
xylary fibers
fiber tracheids
xylary fibers w bordered pits and slit-like inner aperture
libriform fibers
xylary fibers w thicker walls and longer; slit like aperture (simple pit)
xylem parenchyma
procambium
origin of primary xylem
protoxylem
early-formed xylem when organs r still elongating
lacuna
since the protoxylem cells are mature when the stem is elongating, they are stretched and destroyed, forming a space called what?
metaxylem
axial phloem
sieve elements
sieve cells
sieve elements ng gymnosperms
sieve tube elements
sieve elements ng angiosperms
sieve plate containing sieve pores
specialised end wall of sieve tube, with holes allowing connections between one cell and the next
sieve tube elements/members
companion cells
Note
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