🏭 Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

The development of industries for the machine production of goods.

Attempt to establish settlements in a region for the sake of sending back resources to the native land

Attempt to establish economic control over a region for the sake of sending back resources to the native land

the part of the economy that draws raw materials from the natural environment

The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.

the part of the economy that involves services rather than goods

Jobs that deal with the handling and processing of knowledge and information.

jobs that consist of high-level decision making for large corporations or high-level scientific research.

A location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another. (IE. car to a boat)

Model which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration.

Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.

Industry that makes something that gain volume or weight during production

Industry where the final product weighs less than the inputs

The most developed countries of the world in which industries locate themselves

The newly industrialized countries where the industries locate themselves

The poorest countries of the world where the industries locate themselves

all goods & services produced within a country no matter the citizenship

all goods & services produced by domestic residents within a country

GNP + investments abroad Divided by the number of people in the country

the balance of various economic sectors in order to maximize profits

the legal economy that governments tax and monitor (included in GDP)

transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government

The division of income among social classes in a country (Higher the disparity the more the development)

the average number of children a woman has, often utilized to measure development

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday, often utilized to measure development

the amount of fuel or gas that a country utilizes, often utilized to measure development

energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power, often utilized to measure developemtn

The percentage of a country's people who can read and write, often utilized to measure development

An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the extent of each country's gender inequality in terms of reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market.

Sexual health, autonomy, reproductive freedom/decision-making

the act of providing women the right of choice and self-interest

A statistic that determines what percentage of an age group or gender is currently working, utilized to gauge women's rights

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy

a very small, short-term loan often associated with entrepreneurs in developing countries

model that theories that economic modernization of countries occurs in five basic stages: Traditional society, Preconditions for take-off , Take-off, Drive to maturity, Age of High mass consumption

Sees the world economy as a flexible core, periphery and semi-periphery

a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones

economic dependence on exports of agricultural and mineral raw materials

when two regions through an exchange of commodities can specifically satisfy each others demands

The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than another country can.

seek to eliminate trade barriers across international boundaries and promote trade

Pacts between countries that make it easier to trade goods across national boundaries by reducing tariffs

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.

Administers the rules governing trade between its 144 members. Helps producers, importers, and exporters conduct their business and ensure that trade flows smoothly.

An organization that promotes trade and economic cooperation among the southern and eastern countries of South America

An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations.

government plans, at various scales (central, regional, local, provincial, etc.), to help promote economic development.

A tax on imported goods

The economic crashes that happened internationally due to the globalization of the world's economy.

agencies such as the International Monetary Fund, that acts as a bank for the world and provides countries loans

the practice of loaning small amounts of money to people who intend to start a small business in less developed countries, usually from more developed countries

Hiring workers in other countries to do a set of jobs

The decline of manufacturing and factory work and outsourcing it to another country

Region offering special tax breaks, eased environmental restrictions, and other incentives to attract foreign business and investment.

A region where a group of countries has agreed to reduce or eliminate trade barriers (Maquiladoras)

areas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries

The process where the assembling procedures for a product are spread out through different parts of the world

The movement away from industrial, Fordist practices, into a production environment associated with smaller production runs of more specialized products; less reliance on economies of scale; and more differentiated markets for those more specialized products

Companies keep enough for short term production and order more when needed

An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.

the reduction in the cost of a good brought about especially by increased production at a given facility

A form of tourism that supports the conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique areas

Goals laid out by the United Nations that were aimed at developing countries around the world

The market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves.

A theory that economic development occurs concentrated in a certain area, usually referring to high-tech corridors.