Exam One Ch. Two

Types of tissue:

Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular

Tissues are made of

cells and extracellular matrix

Extracellular matrix is made of

protein fibers, water, minerals, nutrients, waste products.

Epithelial cell types

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

What are squamous cells good for?

Exchange of gases, nutrients, waste products

Where are cuboidal cells found?

Lining the ducts of many glands

Where are columnar cells found?

lining the intestines

What cells can have microvilli?

Columnar

Epithelial Tissue function

protect, secretion, absorbtion

Connective tissue function

connection, support, protection, movement, transport, storage, heat production

Types of connective tissue

Fibrous, cartilage, bone, blood

Types of fibrous connective tissue cells

Fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes, mast cells, adipocytes

Types of fibrous connective tissue fibers

collagenous, reticular, elastic

Fibrous connective tissue contains

cells, fibers, ground substance

Types of fibrous connective tissue

Loose and dense

Types of loose fibrous connective tissue

areolar, reticular, adipose

Types of dense fibrous connective tissue

dense regular, dense irregular

Connective tissue immune cells:

Leukocytes (WBC)

large cells that produce the fibers and ground substance of fibrous connective tissue

fibroblasts

phagocytic cells that look for, engulf, and destroy bacteria and viruses in fibrous connect tissue

macrophages

Important part of immune system that monitors body for invasion and coordinates immune response in fibrous connective tissue

Leukocytes

found near blood vessels and produce factors that promote blood flow in inflamed tissues

Mast Cells

Collagenous fibers are made on

collagen

collagenous fibers found in

tendons and ligaments

reticular fibers are coated with

glycoproteins

reticular fibers are found in

some organs for structural support

Elastic tissue is found in

skin and lung tissue

Ground substance is made of

carbohydrates, proteoglycans, glycoproteins

many randomly oriented fibers (COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN). relatively few fibers, lots of ground substance

areolar

loosely arranged and tissue possesses many lymphocytes

reticular

Collagen fibers are densely packed and parallel to each other, very strong

Dense regular tissue

collagen fibers are densely packed but run in random directions. Allows tissue to absorb pressure and resist mechanical stress. Commonly found beneath skin and surrounding internal organs. Very little ground substance, very few visible cells, tightly packed collagen fibers are randomly arranged.

Dense irregular

Chondroblasts are found in

cartilage

cells of cartilage that secrete the matrix

chondroblasts

Cartilage Types

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage is surrounded by

perichondrium

Hyaline cartilage is a precursor to

osseous tissue

All bones are covered by fibrous tissue called

Periosteum

Types of osseous tissue

spongy (cancellous), and compact

Bone cells are called

Osteocytes

Osteocytes live in

lacunae

Haversian canal is in ( ) and holds ( )

osseous tissue, blood vessels and nerves

Fluid connective tissue:

Blood

Blood connective tissue functions

transport materials, protective immune function

Leukocytes are in

blood

The non-cellular ground substance in blood is called

plasma

Formed elements of blood:

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

Cells of blood responsible for transport of O2 and CO2

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) (no nucleus)

Nervous tissue is responsible for

carrying electrical signals (action potential)

Cells of nervous tissue

Neurons and glial cells (neuroglia)

Neuron Anatomy

Soma (body), Dendrites (receivers), Axon (senders)

Types of muscle tissue

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Muscle cells are designed to

contract when stimulated

Actin and Myosin parallel protein fibers cause striations on this muscle tissue, multi-nucleated:

skeletal

Cardiac muscle cells are called

myocytes

Myocytes (cardiac) are

striated, one-nuclear, have intercalated disks

Smooth muscle

do not have striations, one centered nucleus.

Types of cell junctions

Tight, junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

Gland types by secretion

serous, mucous, mixed, cytogenic

Modes of secretion

Merocrine - release via duct

Holocrine - release via cell disintegrating

Fibrocartilage can be found in

intervertebral discs

Which muscle tissue contains fibers with multiple nuclei?

Skeletal

Which of the following tissues is specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation?

Adipose

The reticular layer of the dermis consists of what kind of tissue?

Dense irregular connective tissue

Which tissue consists of short, branched cells with intercalated discs?

Cardiac muscle

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by

chondroblasts

_________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

Fibroblasts

Which tissues are excitable?

muscular and nervous

produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes

Goblet cells