AP Gov Unit 2 Terms

permanent committees existing in both houses of congress

temporary committees made to investigate/communicate findings to public

committees made with bipartisan support to coordinate efforts between both houses

committees of members of both houses to compromise on issue

House committee that deals with tax bills

Only exists in the House. Committee that decides rules of debate on House floor (time limits, amendments allowed). usually ruled by majority party.

petition in House that forces committee to report favorably on a bill. requires majority

big cheese of Senate! leader of Senate majority party. assigns membership to senate committees, elected by majority of members in Senate

leader of House majority. floor leader during debates. elected by majority of House

exists in both Houses. assistants to majority/minority leaders. keeps count of who will vote favorably on bill, keeps party members in line

big cheese of the House. elected by majority of House. assigns membership to committees, applies rules of debate, refers bills to committees

VP of U.S. leader of floor during debates, applies rules. only there to break tie in Senate. no equivalent in House

elected by Senate majority. leads Senate debates when VP ain’t there. most senior member of majority party

only in Senate. used to vote quickly on series of bills. if nobody objects, bill passes through Senate

only in Senate. senator asks party leader to delay vote on bill. stops unanimous consent votes

only in Senate. vote to place time limit on debate for a measure. used to stop filibusters

for bills, a supermajority (3/5). for SCOTUS nominations, a simple majority

only in House. type of rule set by House Rules Committee that places no time limit/allows amendments for a HOR debate

only in House. also set by House Rules Committee, but exact opposite of open rule

when president’s party and majority parties of houses of congress do not align

power of congress to monitor operations/actions of executive branch

right of president to control personal/executive material

where congressmen agree to vote on each others’ bills. used to make connections between members

power of Senate to affect whether or not presidential appointments/treaties come through

used by president to give feedback on bill when they sign it

additional provisions to bills that may or may not have to do with the bill itself

part of budget that congress must create; spending that is required by law

other part of budget that congress must create; spending that is optional. varies year-by-year

congressional legislation that allocates funds for projects in certain congressmen’s home districts

(preiod in which) officeholder is about to leave office, and is waiting for new officeholder to be inaugurated. little power

when congress is so divided legislation cannot pass

formal power. president commands armed forces

informal power. president can create agreements with other foreign leaders without Senatorial intervention. way for president to bypass Senate confirmation process of treaty

informal power. president can use position to influence members of congress to support his policy agency

informal power. president-issued command , has effect of a law.

formal power. president needs to deliver annual report to congress on operations of executive branch

informal power. president can use his position to influence American people, congress, rest of government to support policy agenda

courts should follow already-established precedents. in the case of government, inferior courts should follow SCOTUS precedents

judicial philosophy that states courts (in this context SCOTUS) should use judicial review to overturn precedent/strike down current status quo (legislation)

judicial philosophy that states courts (in this context SCOTUS) should use judicial review to uphold precedent/status quo (legislation)

judiciary is independent from other branches of gov, and should make decisions based on fact/logic, not by pressure from others

SCOTUS accepts to hear a case; issue by SCOTUS for lower courts to send files related to a case they will hear

process by which SCOTUS agrees to hear a case; SCOTUS will hear if 4/9 justices agree to hear it

‘friend of the court’: third parties can send opinions relating to a case to influence SCOTUS opinion on it

cases where SCOTUS has original jurisdiction on

large group of hired employees that assist the government in administrating the state/country. must be professional and non-partisan

idea that congress, interest groups, and bureaucracy all work together to influence/create policy in specific areas

temporary, loose alliances between political groups on a specific area of policy

agency independent from movements of 3 main branches. established by Congress to issue regulations regarding certain policy area

independent agency that reports directly to president, but is not a part of one of the 15 cabinet departments. head is confirmed by Senate

independent agency that doesn’t really report to president. instead they issue their own regulations regarding important parts of the economy, and so must be as non-partisan as possible

power of bureaucracy to make own regulations/policy based on their own judgement/knowledge of the situation. delegated to bureaucracy by congress

representatives see themselves as delegates that should make decisions based off of protecting interests of constituents.

representatives see themselves as trustees that should make decisions based off their knowledge and what the representative believes is best for the constituents.

mix of trustee and delegate models of representation

distributing the 435 votes of HOR into congressional districts among the 50 states

apportioning the HOR votes every 10 years after the census

redistricting so a certain group stays in power

those who work directly in the White House

if a president doesn’t sign on a bill within 10 days and Congress is not in session/adjourns, then the bill is automatically vetoed. found in Article I

president can, when the Senate is not in session, temporarily appoint people to fill vacancies. found in Article II.

when a senator gives an opinion on the SCOTUS justice candidate from the same state as that senator

when all judges on a court agree to hear a case