A&A SL: Core Topics: Statistics Vocab

AKA: histogram

similar to a column graph but the “columns“ are touching

values at the edges of each column indicates class interval boundary

used to represent continuous data

the class with the highest frequency

seen in both column graphs and histograms

when data has many different values with low frequencies it is useful to group the data

then compare the frequencies of each class

EX: *image is a way to group the frequencies*

a way to categorize and organize data

values that are much larger or smaller than the general data body

appears separated on a column graph

retained for analysis

could be a data collection error and if so remove it from the data

positive side is stretched

negative side is stretched

systemic about the mode

most frequently occurring value

highest column on a column graph

displays simple data

displays discrete data

possible data on horizontal axis

frequency of data on vertical axis

column widths are equal

height represents frequency

gaps between data indicates discrete

frequency divided by the total number of recorded values

indicates proportion / population of results that take value

column that summarizes the number of occurrences in each data value

used to count the number of 1s 2s 3s and so on

read data left to right

vertical stroke tally column

represents 5 occurrences

any numerical value in a certain range

result of measuring

exact numerical

result of counting

all information collected

has numerical value

all collected information

what data is divided into

specific quality or characteristic

a part of data collection that is associated with the population

will either be categorical or numerical

when a population can be divided into subgroups

when subgroups can be equally represented

EX: a high school divided into grades

stratified sample: individuals from each strata are selected

quota sample: individuals specifically chosen by the interviewer

selecting a sample based on who is more accessible or more likely to respond

selecting members of a population at regular intervals

useful when not all population members are available at the same time

each member of the population has the same chance of being selected for the sample

each set of n members has the same chance of being selected as any other set of n members

practical to number the members and randomly generate to select the sample

helps to prevent bias

everyone has an equal chance at being selected

lack of a response

could be due to a variety of factors

sample does not reflect population

proves that the sample needs to be large and unbiased

inaccuracies in measurement regarding data collection

slight differences from actuality

could be due to bad questions

accurate way to study a population of interest

understand that it is impossible to study the total population

the select group from a population

when estimation is incorrect

characteristic of sample differs from total population

random