Chapter 26: Defenses Against Disease

________ is a severe reaction characterized by a sudden and life- threatening drop in blood pressure.

________ are caused by receptors attached to the plasma membranes of mast cells in the tissues.

________ is transmitted through sexual contact, needle sharing, and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding.

________ and macrophages are used to surround and kill pathogens.

________ can provide passive immunity but may cause serum sickness.

________ become APCs by ingesting and destroying a pathogen.

The ________ detects the marker and begins to actively look for cells that possess the antigen.

________ contain chemicals that weaken or kill certain bacteria on the skin.

The ________ is important in defending against pathogens.

The ________ has ciliated cells that sweep mucus and trap particles up into the throat.

________ have no means of "remembering "an antigen from previous contact with it.

________ can be made from pathogens or genetically engineered bacteria.

An antigen from a virus is combined with a(n) ________ complex (MHC) protein after being digested in a lysosome.

________ contain many lymphocytes and are instrumental in fighting infections and cancer.

________ causes various symptoms prior to death due to kidney damage.

________ are identified by the presence of antigens, which are usually proteins or carbohydrates.

Increased ________ allows fluids and proteins to escape into tissues.

________ in the area causes pain associated with swelling.

________ are capable of recognizing antigens because their plasma membranes have receptor proteins.

The ________ causes fluids and salts to enter the pathogen, leading to its bursting.

The ________ makes the pathogens more susceptible to phagocytosis.

________ is an autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junctions, causing muscular weakness.

________ inhibit T cell response to cytokines, weakening all types of immune responses.

________ occurs due to cytotoxic T cells and antibodies destroying foreign tissues in the body.

________ is caused by HIV, which destroys helper T cells in the immune system.

________ is also an example of a delayed allergic response.

________ and the appendix are lymphatic tissue structures.

________ are substances that cause an immune reaction.

________ (MS) is an autoimmune disease that causes the breakdown of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers, resulting in various neuromuscular disorders.

________ is composed of various types of nonspecific defenses.

________ are hypersensitivities to substances in the environment.

________ can be understood by examining human blood types.

________ contributes to homeostasis by regulating the number of cells present in the immune system.

________ is the body's natural response to irritation or injury.

________ occur when cytotoxic T cells or antibodies attack the body's own cells as if they were antigens.

________ affects the joints.

The ________ lymphocytes that fight infections and cancer.

________ can also be found in the tonsils and appendix.

The ________ is located in the upper left abdominal cavity and is about the size of a fist.

________ cells release histamine and other substances that bring about the symptoms.

Antibodies are ________.

The _____ is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that protects the body from infection

_____ is the site where B cells and T cells develop.

_____ are white blood cells that produce antibodies.

_____ are white blood cells that attack infected cells.

_____ are large white blood cells that engulf and destroy foreign cells.

_____ is the ability of the body to resist infection.

An _____ is a foreign substance that triggers an immune response.

The _____ is a complex series of reactions that help the body fight infection.

The _____ is a group of proteins that help the body fight infection.

_____ cells are white blood cells that kill infected cells.

_____ are proteins on the surface of T cells that recognize antigens.

_____ is immunity that is acquired through vaccination or infection.

_____ are preparations that contain weakened or dead pathogens that can be used to induce active immunity.