Chapter 11: Atmospheric Pollution 

When nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) in the atmosphere mix with the rain, snow, fog, hail, or dust, they can become acid rain and fall to the Earth This can be in wet or dry forms.

Caused by humans

Traps heat leading to melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and coastal flooding; causes climate change. Can be fixed by carbon sequestration

a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas produced by burning gasoline, wood, propane, charcoal or other fuel. Improperly ventilated appliances and engines, particularly in a tightly sealed or enclosed space, may allow carbon monoxide to accumulate to dangerous levels.

A device that converts pollutants into less dangerous things

American law that regulated the use of lead in fuels and the atmosphere

Remove fine particles like dust, smoke, soot, and ash before they leave the smokestack

colorless, strong-smelling, flammable chemical that is produced industrially and used in building materials such as particleboard, plywood, and other pressed-wood products

compounds comprised exclusively of carbon and hydrogen and they are by far the dominant components of crude oil, processed petroleum hydrocarbons (gasoline, diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricating oil), coal tar, creosote, dyestuff, and pyrolysis waste products

Makes it difficult to breathe, particularly for people with asthma. Harms trees and plants by damaging leaves and decreasing growth; leads to acid rain. Way to prevent is gas scrubbing or by using fluidized bed combustion.

Occurs when pollution gets trapped near the Earths surface because of warm air trapping cooler, denser air near the Earth

Type of metal decides the toxic effects

Leads to permanent nerve damage, anemia, or mental retardation

a colorless liquid with yellow or red fumes with an acrid odorr. Exposure to nitric acid can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane; it can also cause delayed pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, bronchitis, and dental erosion.

Photochemical smog because of the formation of ozone molecules; cause acid rain. Can cause chronic lung disease and damage to the respiratory system. Way to prevent is catalytic converters in vehicles; H2O2 or sodium hydroxide scrubbers in manufacturing plants

Sound that is loud and long enough to cause harm to humans and animals

Photochemical smog can cause ground-level ozone to occur particularly in the afternoon when it gets hot; can cause a variety of health effects such as chest pain, throat irritation, coughing, and congestion. It is particularly dangerous to people with asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema.

Can get into the lungs; some are even small enough to get into the bloodstream. Cause haze and, depending on what the particle is, can acidify lakes and streams, deplete the soil of nutrients, and damage materials. Fixed by baghouse filters or electrostatic precipitators.

This type of smog occurs in warm places that have a lot of people, cars, factories, power plants, etc. It is formed when volatile organic hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, heat, and sunlight mix; can cause eye irritation and respiratory illness; ground-level ozone is produced.

an air pollutant emitted directly from a source

A gas that comes from uranium decay and is the second leading cause of cancer in America

A device added to gasoline fuel pumps that traps the vapors before they can be released to the atmosphere

When they mix with nitrogen oxides and heat they can form photochemical smog

Air pollution devices that remove particulates so they dont get into the atmosphere

not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere.