geo unit 3

primary industry

industries that extract raw materials from the environment

secondary industry

industries that process primary industry goods into finished products

tertiary industry

industries that sell a finished product or service to the consumer

primary industry examples

• wood

• minerals

• agriculture

secondary industry examples

• construction

• cars

• furniture

tertiary industry examples

• walmart

• fast food

• banks

what is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?

renewable resources regenerate themselves so they can be used forever if managed properly. non-renewable resources have a fixed amount, once they run out they’re gone forever.

7 factors of manufacturing

1. location of customers

2. proximity of raw materials

3. Availability of water and power

4. labor supply

5. transportation

6. political factors

7. circumstance

location of customers

effects delivery time and cost; Just-In-Time is when parts/products are delivered just in time for them to be added to the assembly line so companies don’t have to pay for storage of parts. ex: auto manufacturing

proximity of raw materials

in some cases the manufacturing must be near the raw materials because they are hard/costly to ship or perish easily

Availability of water and power

power is necessary to process and produce goods and water is used for cooling and cleaning

labor supply

in some cases the product needs a lot of labor/people to produce or needs specially trained people

transportation

transportation effects how quickly factories will get goods, effecting the time it will take to create a product and how much countries will trade with each other. Shipping containers help move lots of goods quickly

political factors

governments encourage companies to manufacture in their city by offering a lower tax rate for a period of time, grants or subsidies, good infrastructure to support operations, and reliable cheap electricity.

circumstance

some things are out of the control of the manufacturer. Ex: a small company just happens to start manufacturing in a city with a lot of resources, allowing them to grow quickly

globalization

when a company relocates their factory to a place where the labor is cheap.

knowledge based industry

industries that require workers to be especially trained/educated for a job. ex: auto parts, pharmaceutical,

why does manufacturing leave canada?

manufacturing often leaves canada due to the cost, it is cheaper to access resources and labor in other countries

basic job

jobs that bring money into the community. a 1:3 ratio of basic to non-basic jobs are needed for a healthy community

basic job examples

miner, producers, Hi-tech workers

non-basic job

they sell services to the community but do not create wealth, they only recycle the money

non-basic jobs examples

hairdresser, bank teller, teacher

tourism

tourism sells/exports a country to bring in money for that country. Many countries and communities rely on tourism for money

quaternary industry

industries based on technology and knowledge

quaternary industry examples

biotech, info tech (IT), aerospace tech

largest quaternary industries in canada?

biotech, info tech (IT), aerospace tech, ocean research tech

why is quaternary industries more accessible than other industries?

they are more accessible because nowadays every industry requires technology

trading networks

networks that form between locations that want to buy and sell goods and services with each other

trade surplus

when the dollar value of exports is higher than imports

trade deficit

when the dollar value of imports is higher than exports

supply chain

the network of people, organizations, resources, and tech involved with creating a product

tariff

a tax that is added to the cost of any foreign items or services bought in a country

import

a good/service brought into a country from another

export

a good/service sent to a country from another

free trade

when countries decrease or remove the tariffs of items that they sell between each other. ex: USMCA

why must canada import/export?

1. exporting goods helps pay for the things imported from other countries

2. to keep the economy healthy, 50% of the goods and services canada creates are exported. exporting provides people jobs which fuels the economy

3. importing cheaper versions of goods from other countries allows for more canadians to buy them

rail tranportation

pros

• inexpensive to operate

• can carry a lot of cargo

cons

• have a fixed route and therefore cannot go as many places

road transportation

pros

• overall building and maintence is cheaper

• do not have a fixed route

• good for light cargo

cons

• cannot carry heavy cargo

• highway accidents

• heavy trucks damage roads

ship transportation

pros

• good for international trade

• can carry a lot of bulky low value cargo\

cons

• weather can cause problems

airplane transportation

pros

• quick

• can transport goods to hard to reach areas

• good for light, valuable, and perishable goods

cons

• very expensive

pipeline transportation

pros

• good for moving large amounts of liquids and gases. ex: natural gas and crude oil

cons

• very expensive

• can only be build if there is a large amount of the resource and if there is no other way of transportation

planned obsolescence

designing products that are meant to be thrown away quickly so they can be bought again

perceived obsolescence

convincing consumers that their perfectly fine products do not have value anymore by changing things like their design

consumption cycle

1. extraction

2. production

3. distribution

4. consumption

5. disposal

extraction in the consumer cycle

• natural resources are removed from the earth to create our products.

• We take too many resources which depletes the earth of what it needs.

• This destroys the environment and the people living there, they are forced to move and get a job at a factory because it is their only option.

production in the consumer cycle

• natural resources are processed with toxic chemicals which harms the environment, factory workers, and consumers.

• during the process of creating goods factories pollute and destroy the environment

distribution in the consumer cycle

• the goods are sold quickly at low prices.

• companies lower prices by not fairly paying for the process it took to create the product.

consumption in the consumer cycle

• consumers are convinced to buy a lot of products quickly and dispose of them to buy new ones.

• This causes happiness to go down because people always feel the need to buy the next newest thing to feel valued.

• This also causes the amount of waste to increase by a lot.

disposal in the consumer cycle

• Waste is dumped in landfills and burned which harms the environment.