bio test: cell division

loosley coiled uncondensed DNA

tightly coiled condensed DNA

identical copies of a chromosome

holds sister chromatids together

chromosomes that occur in pairs in sexually reproducing organisms

2 sets of chromosomes per cell; diploid; body cell

1 set of chromosomes per cell; haploid; sex cell

XY

XX

size, pattern, centromere location

inbetween division

growing phase

DNA replication

preperation for mitosis

Cell division

4 replicated chromosomes; the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the centrioles seperate and spindle fibers form and attach to the centromeres. the nuclear envelope and nucleolus breaks down.

the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. each chromosomes are moved by the spindle fiber that is connected at its centromere.

the sister chromatids seperate into individual chromosomes and move apart

8 unreplicated chromosomes; 2 nuclear envelopes form; the spindle fibers break down and chromosomes uncoil back into chromotin, cytokinesis starts

the cytoplasm and organelles divide into two seperate cells

2 diploid cells

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokinesis

proteins that control the cell cycle

respond to events inside the cell

respond to events outside the cell

tumors will form

non-harmful tumor

harmful tumors

stem cell “gets a job” becomes a specific working cell

can be used for many differnt cell replacments

genetic variation

very slow; requires two organisms

fast

identical copies