AP Biology Review (Part Two) 

________: disease- causing biological agents that can generally be divided into bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

________ can only occur if some individuals have more evolutionary fitness and can be selected.

________ weinberg law: states that even with all the shuffling of genes that goes on, the relative frequencies of genotypes in a population still prevail over time.

________: occurs when an organisms learns not to respond to a stimulus.

________: a group of individuals that belong to the same species and that are interbreeding.

________ (study of the d__istribution of plants and animals in the environment__): scientists found related species in widely separated regions of the word.

________ are viruses that infect bacteria.

________: these cause the original codon to become a stop codon, which results in the early termination of protein synthesis.

________ consists of two main components: a protein capsid and genetic material made of DNA or RNA.

________: equal expression of both alleles (an individual with AB blood type with each allele equally expressed (IaIb)) The expression of one allele down not prevent the expression of the other.

The ________ is released into the cell.

________ refers to any cell that has 1 set of chromosomes (23 in humans)

________: one gene can override the effects of another gene.

________ like HIV virus are RNA viruses that use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genomes into DNA so they can be inserted into a host genome.

________: the entire part of the earth where living things exist.

________: triggers the zygote to go through series of divisions which makes it increasingly specialized /differentiated.

________ had long necks because they were constantly reaching for higher leaves while feeding.

________ (study of the development of an organism): looking at early stages on vertebrates (fish, amphibians, birds, humans) show dislike features called gill slits.

________ and cyclin proteins work together t__o promote cell cycle progression__.

The ________ releases neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic dendrite to perpetuate the transmission.

________, new stresses, diseases, and limiting resources are factors in evolution.

The start codon for the initiation of protein synthesis is _____ which codes for methionine

the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA

the anticodon of a tRNA molecule carrying the appropriate amino acid base pairs with the codon on the mRNA

can encourage/inhibit this from happening by making it easier/more difficult for the RNA polymerase to bind/move to the start site

genes that code for enzymes needed in a chemical reaction. These genes will be transcribed at the same time to produce particular enzymes

the region where the RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription

controlling the expression of enzymes that break down lactose; inducible

these cause the original codon to become a stop codon, which results in the early termination of protein synthesis

cause the original codon to be altered and produce a different amino acid

happen when a codon that codes for the same amino acid is created; no change in the corresponding protein sequence

DNA fragments can be separated according to their molecular weight using gel electrophoresis