Science Final

naturally, occuring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical composition

Streak, color, luster, crystal shape/habit, mineral strength, cleavage, fracture, density,

quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral

color of mineral in powdered form

shape of crystal

the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale

the state of being split or cleft

any break or rupture in rock along which no appreciable movement

the amount per unit size

four oxygen ions

any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium

common silicate mineral

contain ions of iron and magnesium/dark

pressure applied equally on all surfaces

difference between the greatest and least compressive stress

conf.-forces in different directions/diff.-forces applied equally

plates move apart

two plates move together

when two oceanic slabs converge, one descends beneath the other, volcanic activity

arc shaped chain of volcanic islands

one landmass moves toward the other bc of subduction of seafloor

the gradual movement and formation of continents

earth's outer shell consists of individual plates that interact in various ways and thereby create formations

accumulation and release of stress and strain, causing a shake due to elasticity

basaltic, rhyolitic, aa, pahoehoe, pillow

made from mafic/fluid, very fast

felsic/slow

rough jagged lava chunks

freely flowing lava

gas bubbles in the lava pop and turn into spikes, molten interior advances and outer crust is broken

chaotic mix of rock, gas, and ash

primarily parallel to the slope

an inclined fault in which the hanging wall appears to have slipped downward relative to the footwall

dip slip faults in which the hanging block moves up relative to the footwall block

a geological fault in which the upper side appears to have been pushed upward by compression

dominant displacement is horizontal and parallel to the trend of the fault surface

the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

a tremor preceding an earthquake

a tremor occurring after the main shock of an earthquake

a landscape with numerous caves and sinkholes and underground steams

underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water

the property of being porous; being able to absorb fluids

semipervious nature that transmits water slower than an aquitard

underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc

a cylinder of calcium carbonate hanging from the roof of a limestone cave

a cylinder of calcium carbonate projecting upward from the floor of a limestone cave

occurs when water pressure causes a natural flow of groundwater onto the earth's surface

shape of a broad, slightly domed structure that ressembles a warrior's shield

ejected lava fragments that begin to harden in flight to produce scoria, rock.

pitersque, yet dangerous. composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material

conical shape

steep sided, deep craters

short lived, magma plumbs connecting vent to magma source solidifying