APUSH Period 3

• Over the Ohio Territory

• George Washington becomes a hero

• Leaves both countries broke

Ottawa Chief attacks colonial outposts in response to unfair treatment — leads to the Paxton Boys

Attack Susquehannock tribe in Pennsylvania

No settlers to the West of the Appalachians (BUT THEY WERE TOO LATE)

• Turning point in British colonial affairs and the end of salutary neglect

• Beginning the series of restrictions

• Established a pattern of putting boundaries on “Indian territory”

Taxed molasses as well as discouraged smugglers, suggested to the colonists that the British were abusing power

Forbade issuing paper currency

• Specifically aimed at raising revenue

• Self-taxation was gone from the colonies

• Affected almost everyone, ESPECIALLY the literate and the lawyers

• “No taxation without representation”

• British response: virtual representation

Burned customs officers’ houses, protested, discouraged tax collectors

Asserted the British governments’s right to tax and legislate

• Taxed goods directly imported from Britain, the first such tax in the colonies

• Tax payment was salary for the collectors

• More government offices + courts

• Suspended NY legislature

• Gave British free searching power

Most effective form of protest, boycotted British goods, Daughters of Liberty

Made the colonists responsible for feeding and housing soldiers

THe print revolution helped the propaganda campaign that the soldiers attacked innocent bystanders

• Right to a free trial (John Adams)

After the monopoly set on tea by the East India Tea Company, the Sons of Liberty pour tea over the Boston Harbor, leading to the Intolerable Acts

Closed the Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for, convinced many colonists that the future with Britain was over

• Determine grievances

• Develop a strategy (boycotts)

• Represented a break with Britain

Started the American Revolution, the British were forced to retreat, raising hope

Government officials, Anglicans, merchants dependent on England, minorities, enslaved people

• Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation

White Protestant property holders, urban artisans

• Established the continental army

• George Washington led

• Printing money

• Government offices

Petitioned for reconciliation with Britain as a last ditch effort, but King George didn’t care

Rallied the colonists to support the revolution, advocated independence, was accessible to everyone (commoners)

A long breakup letter written by Thomas Jefferson, enumerated grievances and stated the importance of individual liberty

A turning point in the war as the Americans gained a victory and the French were convinced to ally with them

Negotiated by Ben Franklin and boosted the American morale

Ended the war when General Cornwallis surrendered

Granted the US land and independence

The first national constitution, but the federal government had no power

• Could not tax, form a military, regulate trade

Many backcountry farmers were extremely broke due to policies, so they attacked courthouses

• Made it obvious that a new Constitution was necessary

Let the Northwest territory in

• Outlawed slavery

• Established regulations about applying for statehood

Delegates from each state show up and discuss plans for the new constitution

NJ: Equal representation from each state

VA: Representation to be based on population

Blended the two plans into a bicameral legislation (House of Reps and Senate), created branches and the electoral college

Each enslaved person counted as 3/5ths of a person, made to empower Southern states

Convinced many to believe in the Constitution and allowed for the ratification of it (1789)

• First President

• Exercised authority carefully

• Established the cabinet (with JEFFERSON AND HAMILTON)

1. Build creditworthiness

2. Replace old debts with Government bonds

3. Established a National Bank

4. Tax on whiskey

5. Tariff on imported goods
   Jefferson strongly disagreed with this since it wasn’t in the constitution

Seeking help for the French Revolution but started an anti-French campaign and got Washington to publish the Neutrality Proclamation

• Hamilton, Washington, Adams, Jay

• Economy based on commerce + manufacturing

• Strong federal government

• Wealthy, Northeast

• Loose construction

• Believed that a National Bank was necessary

• Jefferson and Madison

• Economy based on agriculture

• Stronger state governments

• Yeoman farmers, Southern

• Strict construction

• Believed that a National bank was only desirable

The tax on Whiskey led farmers to rebel, but Washington dispatched militia to stop them, showing that the new government wasn’t afraid to use it’s power

Warned future presidents of foreign affairs and party politics

The idea that women would raise the future leaders, so they should be treated well and be educated

• Avoided a war with France

• broke the US-French relationship

• started a Quasi-War

Allowed for the government to forcibly expel foreigners and strictly regulated antigov. speech

• Violated the 1st Amendment

Argued that states had the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws, nullifying the alien and sedition acts

Right before Adams’ presidency was over, he placed more Federalists in the judicial branch

• Led to Marbury v. Madison