AP Bio: Unit 2

Simple cell structure without membrane-bound organelles

Complex cell with membrane-bound organelles

Organelles responsible for protein synthesis

Membrane channels involved in protein synthesis and lipid synthesis

Stack of membrane sacs for protein modification and packaging

Membrane-bound sacs with enzymes for digestion and cell processes

Membrane-bound sac for storage and support in plant cells

Organelles that produce energy for the cell

Cell membrane controlling what can cross into/out of the cell

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane using energy

Theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells

Separation of cell functions into different organelles

Ratio affecting nutrient exchange efficiency in cells

Series of chemical reactions occurring in the matrix of mitochondria

Mitochondrial DNA found in mitochondria

Double-membrane organelles in plants conducting photosynthesis

Pancake-shaped membranous sacs in chloroplasts

Liquid surrounding the thylakoids in chloroplasts

Organelle in animal cells aiding in spindle fiber assembly

Organelles storing excess glucose as starch in plant cells

Organelle oxidizing molecules and breaking down toxins

Region in the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled

Fibers providing cell shape and aiding in movement

Reproductive process of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Process where a eukaryote retains functional chloroplasts from swallowed algae

Determines cell efficiency in waste elimination and nutrient absorption

Folds in inner membrane for increased surface area

Folds in the lining of the human intestine for nutrient absorption

Structure of plasma membrane with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Modified proteins embedded in the plasma membrane

Modified lipids embedded in the plasma membrane

Lipids embedded in the plasma membrane

Mobile proteins in the plasma membrane for various functions

Allows specific materials to cross the plasma membrane

SA/V = 4πr² / 4/3πr³; impacts cell size and efficiency

V = 4/3 πr^3; determines the cell's internal capacity

SA = 4πr^2; determines the cell's external exchange capacity

Structure of the plasma membrane with mobile components

Lipid molecule with attached carbohydrate chain

Proteins located on the surface of the membrane

Protein facilitating the transport of molecules across the membrane

Lipid molecule adjusting membrane fluidity

Protein with attached carbohydrate chain for cell recognition

Part of phospholipid attracted to water

Part of phospholipid repelled by water

Opening in the membrane allowing passage of molecules

Protein embedded in the membrane

Protein structure with a helical shape

Passive transport requiring membrane proteins for molecule movement

Difference in electric charge across a cell membrane

Energy currency of the cell

Cellular process of engulfing molecules into vesicles

Process of expelling molecules from a cell via vesicle fusion

Potential energy of water in a solution

Solution with lower solute concentration

Solution with higher solute concentration

Solution with equal solute concentration

Component of water potential due to solute concentration

Component of water potential due to pressure on the system

Pressure potential created by sucking air through a straw

Higher pressure potential environment

Total potential energy of water in a system

Potential energy contributed by solute concentration

Number of ions a solute forms in solution

Constant in solute potential formula

Temperature of the solution in Kelvin

Reference solution with 0 solutes

Total solute concentration in a solution

Pumping out excess water to maintain internal solute concentration

Drinking water to counteract water loss in a higher water potential environment

Pushing water through a membrane with energy

Amount of solute