AP Psychology - Thinking & Creativity 

________: measures how well the test correlates with the outcome.

________: the idea that simplest solution is the one that should be used ○ Getting rid of everything that doesnt work leads you to what does work.

________: when the construction of the test is consistent in meaning and interpretation.

________: a step- by step process of moving from true one statement to another ■ Ex: if A= B and B= C, then A= C.

■ ________- Crystalized Intelligence: an idea that supports that some intelligence is learned through experience and uses heuristics to develop.

________ abstract abilities (skills in language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, and memory), social abilities (refers to empathy, social judgement, communication between persons), practical skills (centers on self- management: personal care, job responsibilities money management)

Stress: the physical and ________ to factors that challenge homeostasis and functioning.

________ bias: the tendency to see past events as predictable, called the "I knew it all along "effect.

________: a child who has an amazing, adult- like ability.

________- serving bias: the tendency to make decisions based on what allows people to feel good about themselves.

________: assuming that a device or an object serves only one purpose or may only be used in one way (Life hacks !)

________ Prophecy: the tendency for a person to act a certain way because they are expected to or they expect themselves to.

________: when results from a test are compared to scores from similar tests done with different subjects.

________: cognition that repeats in a negative pattern that hinders creativity or the creation of new solutions.

________: emotion- based reasoning of an idea that has been proven wrong or has significant evidence against it.

________: the learned assumption of how specific things work.

________: a condition of limited mental ability that may be genetic, chemical, or neglectful factors.

________: the idea that memory of groups who are thought to have one quality will conform to that expectation when tested or asked about that quality.

An idea brought up by ________ that says that humans must learn language /communication in some way, despite biological hindrances.

________: selecting the most efficient, straightforward solution from a list of solutions.

________: the tendency for a person to place too much faith in his or her opinion even in the absence of a reasonable explanation.

________ effect: offering more motivation for a behavior that a person generally admires will lead them to associate that behavior with a reward that they believe is "less than "what their admiration is worth; weakens intrinsic motivation.

________: a way of problem solving through common sense and without a set, logical method.

________ Anchoring bias: the tendency to jump to conclusions by thinking of an improbable yet scary solution rather than the reasonable outcome.

■ ________- Fluid Intelligence: an idea that says that the brain quickly processes large amounts of information.

________: an idea that proposes that each generation seems to score higher on tests even when those scores are adjusted.

________: the degree to which the test accurately measures what it was designed to measure.

________: an expected prediction of what will occur in a given situation ● This is why pranks work.

________: the tendency to look for information that confirms an existing belief.

________: when the test contains relevant and pertinent elements that are representative of the construct.

a way of solving a problem through following a set method, whether it be step-by step or another method

a doctors diagnosis, grid searches

the probability that a person will think deeply about a problem

see definition above

a way of problem solving through common sense and without a set, logical method

a way of thinking or a point-of-view

an expected prediction of what will occur in a given situation ● This is why pranks work

the learned assumption of how specific things work

offering more motivation for a behavior that a person generally admires will lead them to associate that behavior with a reward that they believe is "less than" what their admiration is worth; weakens intrinsic motivation

the cognition of multiple solutions to an issue or question ○ How many ways can you use a piece of paper

using a different or unique process to think differently or uniquely ○ Think outside of the box

selecting the most efficient, straightforward solution from a list of solutions

the idea that simplest solution is the one that should be used ○ Getting rid of everything that doesnt work leads you to what does work

the physical and psychological response to factors that challenge homeostasis and functioning

while small amounts of stress do inspire creativity, too much of it ends up plateauing and eventually decreasing creativity

cognition that repeats in a negative pattern that hinders creativity or the creation of new solutions

the name for thinking of the worst possible outcome to a given scenario

the description that if a proposed solution does not fit preconceived notions, it will not be considered as a possible option

assuming that a device or an object serves only one purpose or may only be used in one way (Life hacks! )

the tendency to jump to conclusions by thinking of an improbable yet scary solution rather than the reasonable outcome

the tendency to rely on available (known) information and find a solution that is easy

the tendency to look for information that confirms an existing belief

the tendency to see past events as predictable, called the "I knew it all along" effect

the tendency for a person to place too much faith in his or her opinion even in the absence of a reasonable explanation

the tendency to make decisions based on what allows people to feel good about themselves

emotion-based reasoning of an idea that has been proven wrong or has significant evidence against it

erroneous idea that to persevere through an issue will keep from previous efforts being wasted

the way the problem or solution was proposed has an affect on your notions or decisions about that problem or solution

if the brain has not learned a specific skill in a given amount of time, it will never be learned or will take significant effort to do so

the length of time in which the brain is more susceptible to learning, therefore making it easier to learn

the idea that words, grammar, and syntax determine what type of thoughts a person has

words, grammar, and syntax influence what type of thoughts a person has

an idea brought up by Noam Chomsky that says that humans must learn language/communication in some way, despite biological hindrances

complex statistical technique that finds a relationship between items of information

while most other tests emphasize math and linguistics, Gardners theory expands intelligence to include eight factors (see above)

delay gratification, self-soothe, know your own emotions, and know others emotions

a controversial form of intelligence in the field of psychology

an idea of Charles Spearman

Cattel was known for his

considered one of the best intelligence tests, assesses a range of intellectual abilities in verbal comprehension, reasoning, working memory, and processing speed

when results from a test are compared to scores from similar tests done with different subjects

the consistency of scores in a test to determine its ability to be accurately considered

splitting a test into equal parts and determining the separate scores on those halves in order to determine the reliability of the test

an idea that proposes that each generation seems to score higher on tests even when those scores are adjusted

the extent that a test measure what it intends to measure, calculated by comparing how well the results from a test correlate with other measures that assess what the test is supposed to predict

when the test contains relevant and pertinent elements that are representative of the construct

does the test ask about all the things that fall into the area that the test should be asking

the degree to which the test accurately measures what it was designed to measure

how can the abstract idea of intelligence be translated into something that can be measured

measures how well the test correlates with the outcome

does the test match an independent measure

the measure of how well a test predicts the future performance ○ SAT has a high predictive validity if the data set is large enough

these tests lose their accuracy as the data set gets smaller or if it is used to predict a single individual

when the construction of the test is consistent in meaning and interpretation

the AP psych exam curriculum is divided into units

a condition of limited mental ability that may be genetic, chemical, or neglectful factors

personal care, job responsibilities money management)

a child who has an amazing, adult-like ability

tests and considers the participants knowledge, which may be culturally biased or different than those who made the test

the idea that memory of groups who are thought to have one quality will conform to that expectation when tested or asked about that quality

label the test as something its not

the tendency for a person to act a certain way because they are expected to or they expect themselves to