Chapter 28: Decline and Rebirth (1968–1988)

Political strategy implemented by President Richard Nixon to win over Southern whites to the Republican party; the strategy succeeded through administration policies such as delaying school desegregation plans

Foreign policy of decreasing tensions with the Soviet Union; this began in the first term of the Nixon administration

Series of events beginning with the break-in at the Democratic party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington, DC, that led to the downfall of President Richard Nixon; Nixon resigned as the House of Representatives was preparing for an impeachment hearing

The group of 14 countries that produce most of the worlds oil and, by determining production quantities, influence worldwide oil prices

Peace agreement between Israel and Egypt that was mediated by President Jimmy Carter; many consider this the highlight of the Carter presidency

Diplomatic crisis triggered on November 4, 1979, when Iranian protesters seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran and held 66 American diplomats hostage for 444 days

Right-leaning evangelical Christians who increasingly supported Republican candidates beginning with Ronald Reagan

Scandal that erupted during the Reagan administration when it was revealed that U.S. government agents had secretly sold arms to Iran in order to raise money to fund anti-Communist "Contra" forces in Nicaragua

Richard Nixon elected president

Nixon imposes wage and price controls

Nixon visits China and Soviet Union

Watergate hearings in Congress

Inflation peaks at 11 percent

South Vietnam falls to North Vietnam, ending Vietnam War

Jimmy Carter elected president

Carter signs Panama Canal treaty

Camp David Accords

Americans taken hostage in Iran

Ronald Reagan elected president

Major recession

Major tax cuts instituted

Reagan proposes "Star Wars"

Reagan reelected

Gorbachev assumes power in Soviet Union

Additional tax reform measures passed

"Black Monday"

George H. W. Bush elected president

Pentagon Papers released

Watergate break-in

SALT I signed

Nixon reelected

Spiro Agnew resigns as vice president

“Saturday Night Massacre”

Nixon resigns; Gerald Ford becomes president

Ford pardons Richard Nixon

WIN economic program introduced

Carter issues Vietnam-era draft amnesty

Assassination attempt on Reagan

Americans victorious in Grenada

Iran-Contra Affair

Nixon’s chief of staff

Nixon’s domestic affairs adviser

Nixon’s national security advisor

In 1968, ________, the combative former governor of Alabama, ran a third-party campaign for president as the candidate of the American Independence Party.

Nixon’s “______” aimed at wooing conservative Southerners into the Republican party.

The court became generally more conservative, though in 1973 it endorsed a right to abortion in __________.

Nixon established "_________" with the USSR. He felt that reducing cold war tensions would lessen the chance of global war and allow the US greater diplomatic influence in dealing with problems like Vietnam.

The ________ accord ended the cold war's armaments race, a historic occasion.

Since the 1950s, Nixon has supported ___________________— the non-Communist territory established by refugees from the Chinese civil war on the island of Taiwan.

By the time he became president, Nixon and Henry Kissinger were ___________ advocates.

Nixon's 1972 reelection makes the _________'s actions incomprehensible. Nixon's political paranoia influenced them.

Nixon created an "_________" and had the Internal Revenue Service wiretap and harass some of the persons on it, believing, with some reason, that the media establishment, government bureaucracy, and Democratic party were implacably opposed.

The ___________ were formed in 1971 after Daniel Ellsberg, a former State Department employee, leaked the Pentagon Papers.

• The ____________ used shady persons to "dirty trick" Democrats. These operatives lied about Democratic candidates and ordered 200 pizzas to a Democratic campaign headquarters.

By duplicating papers and installing electronic "__________" in workplaces, they hoped to collect information on Democrats.

As the investigation progressed, CREEP leaders lied about their Watergate activities. To keep them quiet, thieves received "_________."

Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post pursued the Watergate story. They received scoops from "___________."

The FBI's assistant director at the time of the Watergate break-in, was their informant in 2005.

the White House attorney, acknowledged a Watergate cover-up during the committee's proceedings.

After the political uproar, Attorney General __________ and presidential advisors H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman resigned.

Watergate was investigated by a special prosecutor Nixon hired to preserve his presidency. Nixon then opposed ______________'s attempts to get the White House recordings.

On October 20, 1973, the "__________" occurred with Cox's resignation and dismissal.

Under the _______, Congress approved Nixon's choice of Michigan Congressman Gerald Ford to replace Agnew.

Ford's __________ button campaign failed to promote morale and economic confidence.

In 1978, Congress deregulated the oil and gasoline markets and promoted energy conservation through the ___________.

Carter signed a pact with Panama to restore the Canal Zone to __________ in 1999.

Carter and Soviet leader ________ struck a SALT II agreement in 1979 to restrict their nuclear arsenals.

Carter withdrew from the ____________ because to this action and what seemed to be a Soviet push into the oil-rich Middle East.

The _____________, mediated by President Carter, were Israel's Menachem Begin and Egypt's Anwar Sadat's greatest diplomatic triumph.

Egypt acknowledged Israel's right to exist after Israel restored the Sinai Peninsula, which it had taken in the ___________.

Reagan increased the military budget by $13 billion. His pricey _____________, dubbed "Star Wars," also drew criticism.

Despite opposition, he stationed American cruise missiles in Western Europe to counter Soviet short-range nuclear missiles in Eastern Europe. Reagan called the Soviet Union a "___________," but voters liked his honesty.

In his second term, Reagan cut taxes further. The wealthiest Americans' federal tax rate dropped from 50% to 28% under the __________. Unemployment and inflation continued to fall during this period.

Stock prices fell 20% on "________," October 19, 1987.

___________ rocked the Reagan administration in 1986 and 1987. In Lebanon, Iranian-backed Shiites held Americans hostage.

This "_________" scheme was used by National Security Advisor John Poindexter, Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, and other administration officials to aid Nicaragua's "Contras" rebels.

In April 1986, Gadhafi was blamed for the ___________ that killed an American serviceman and wounded many others.

Since the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident, when American naval jets shot down two Libyan jets that challenged them, relations with ____________ had been poor.

The ________________, signed by Reagan and Gorbachev in 1987, required both nations to eliminate an entire class of missiles.