Renaissance & Reformation

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

Non-religious

This city was the center of Renaissance culture in the 1400s,

a person who provides financial support for the arts

everyday language

Rich Florence family that funded artists and artisans

(1386-1466) Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.

An Italian author who wrote the book The Courtier in 1528. He described the ideal Renaissance man and woman.

An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface.

A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

(1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David.

(1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescoes, his most famous being The School of Athens.

(1304-1374) Father of the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization. Created his own form of sonnet

Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong.

Machiavelli

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1517, he wrote 95 Theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on October 31, 1517.

Printing Press, Church Corruption, Increasing Royal Power, Rising Mercantile Class, Church Reformers etc...

Luther's Early Life, Tetzel's Sale of Indulgences, Posting of 95 Theses, and Publishing of Luther's Ideas.

Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.

The leading seller of Indulgences. Infuriated Luther.

Luther's Excommunication, Diet & Edict of Worms, Peasant's Revolt, Some German Princes Convert to Lutheranism, Peace of Augsburg

Catholic Reformation, Centuries of Warfare, More and More Protestant Denominations Created

When Charles V exiled or outlawed Luther from The Holy Roman Empire or any of it's other lands.

Tudor King of England who launched the English Reformation because the Roman Catholic Church opposed his actions of divorcing Catherine of Aragon and marrying Anne Boleyn. Also: severed ties with Rome and allowed the Bible to be printed in English legally for the first time.

Dynasty that ruled England as a result of the War of the Roses. (1485-1603)

1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation,

This was the pope that used the sale of indulgences to rebuild a basilica and he was also the pope who excommunicated Martin Luther

Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures, Individualism, Humanism, Return to Classical Ideal of Greece and Rome

Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation; reformed and revived Catholic doctrine.

Formed the Jesuit order during the Catholic Reformation to spread Catholicism around the world-strongly believed in education

Pope who led the Catholic Reformation by calling for the Council of Trent.

Made index of forbidden books & persecuted non-conformists through the Inquisition

A Spanish noblewoman who, after joining a religious order, made reforms in convents and monasteries

Early Baroque painter, who was one of the most accomplished painters of her generation. Brought innovation to the female world of arts. She painted many pictures of strong and suffering women from myth and the Bible - victims, suicides, warriors - and made a speciality of the Judith story.

Written by Christine De Pizan

religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society

This was the man who dominated the reform movement in Scotland. He established the Presbyterian Church of Scotland so that ministers ran the church, not bishops

Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation

Increasing trade, wealthy merchants, growing cities

Where the Renaissance began

An extension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations Germany, Flanders, France, and England; it took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance

Humanists from northern Europe who thought that the best elements of classical and Christian cultures should be combined and saw humanist learning as a way to bring about reform of the church and deepen people's spiritual lives.

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe

He was a English humanist that contributed to the world today by revealing the complexities of man. He wrote Utopia, a book that represented a revolutionary view of society.

Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)

Forms of 16th Century Social Media

Salvation through faith alone; A Priesthood of all believers; The Bible is the only source of God's will.

Northern Renaissance artist whose paintings focused on landscapes and common folk.

Declared the King (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534.

)member of movement of the Protestant Reformation of modern Baptists, Mennonites, and Quakers believe infant baptism is not valid, because a child cannot commit to a religious faith,