Studied by 8 peoplewhen was the early middle ages
450-1050
when was the high middle ages
1050-1300
when was the late middle ages
1300-1450
what are the waves of invasions in the 9th-10th centuries known as
the invaders
how did vikings disappear
they slowly turned into christians over generations
who were people that were additionly very influential and important to history besides the muslims, magyars and vikings
normans
the average europeans looked to who for protection
aristocrats
when one was given land what was it a sign of
wealth to support family
set of unwritten rules between a vassal and a noble
feudal contract
knighting, marriage, ransom, and advice were all things that ______ were responsible to the lord for
vassals
defense and court are 2 things that the _____ was responsible for
lord
serfs rent and fees were in the form of…
what you grew in crops
_____ had to do field work which meant they spent 3 days on vassals/lords land, 3 days work on own land, and 1 day, sunday going to church
serfs
10% of the serfs income of what they grew went to the church, this is called
tithe
pound to the land means
serfs needed permission to marry and leave land
who are aristocratic women
wife of nobles
did aristocratic women have any power?
no, only if husband was away
in what century did the western roman empire collapse but the eastern roman empire survived
5th
who attempted to reconquer the western roman empire but it failed
emperor justinian
who lost the battle of yarmuk?
syria and palestine
what empire was both a greek and christian state
byzantine
term “roman catholic” was changed to
eastern orthodox church
what did the byzantines believe
they were the lasts of the christians in the world
who rebuilt constantinople
justinian
what did the roman pope claim
hes in charge of all christians
what were the “five pillars”
main precepts of religion
what did muslims believe that jesus was
a prophet
why did warriors of western europe form armies
they felt they had to serve for religious purposes
what was captured in the first crusade
jerusalem
list the 4 latin crusader states that were established in the first crusade
genoa, pisai, vemice, florence
what was the cause of the second crusade
muslims attack and attack on crusader states
result of second crusade?
fail
what was the cause of the thrid crusade
saladin
result of third crusade?
draw
after the second crusade there was a deal made that…
muslim troops will not bother pilgrims in religious land
what was the cause of the fourth crusade
pope innocent III called for another crusade with venetian leadership
why did the fourth crusade fall apart?
argument on who should be king of byzantine
results for byzantine empire after fourth crusade?
lost its great power status
during the 5th-9th crusades the control of the holy land changed hands many times but in the end, _____ gained final control
muslims
what did venice replace
constantinople
between 1000-1300 why did the population double?
no invasions, more usable land, technological advances
instead of oxen ____ were now being used
horses
orginally there was 2 fields in crop rotation but with advancements there was now _ fields
3
what are the 7 sacraments
baptism, eucharist, reconciliation, confirmation, marriage, priest hood, annointing of the sick
who were the women who joined new religious orders in large numbers?
daughters of nobility
where did the daughters of nobility come from
all over western europe
what was the most popular place for pilgrimages
jerusalem
the notre dame cathedral is an example of _____ architecture
gothic
who outlawed private armies?
tudors
how many different states did the holy roman empire have?
300
Note
Flashcard