Biotechnology and DNA Tech Vocab Quiz

The manipulation of living organisms or their components to achieve specific practical goals.

Alteration of genomes for medical or industrial processes.

An organism that has been produced through genetic engineering.

Use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA into unique sequences that can be used to compare individuals with the use of electrophoresis.

The process of obtaining DNA from a living organism for analysis.

Method used to amplify the amount of DNA.

Method in which DNA fragments are separated by size by placing samples in a gelatinous material exposed to electric current.

An enzyme that cuts double stranded DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence.

Labs in different countries that are supported by public funds.

A private company

Type of map that shows location of genes along chromosomes.

When cells come into contact with neighboring cells, they stop dividing.

Genes that encode for proteins that promote cell cycle and prevent apoptosis.

Encode for proteins that inhibit the cell cycle and promote apoptosis.

Environmental agents that are mutagenic.

Blood tests for antigens or antibodies created by body to fight tumor.

Test for mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

Use of chemicals that interfere with DNA synthesis to destroy cancer cells that have spread throughout the body.

Powerful rays administered to specific areas to destory cells.

Permanent genetic change.

Random change in the sequences of bases within a gene.

Change in chromosome structure that can be detected microscopically.

A type of mutation that occurs when one or more nucleotides are inserted or deleted from DNA.

A type of mutation that occurs when one nucleotide is substituted for another.

Production of identical copies of a gene or organism through asexual means.

A means of transferring something into an organism.

Small accessory ring of DNA from bacterium that is not a part of the bacterium chromosome and is capable of replicating on its own.

Free living organism that has foreign genes in its cells.

Plants that have been engineered to secrete a toxic that kills insects and to be resistant to herbicides.

Fish, cows, pigs, rabbits, and sheep have been engineered to produce growth hormone in order to increase the size of the animals.

The process of making transgenic animals to produce pharmaceuticals.

Insertion of genetic material into human cells for treatment of a disorder.

A type of gene therapy in which cells are removed from the patient to be treated outside the body and returned to the patient.

A type of gene therapy in which a patient is given a foreign gene directly and this gene is incorporated into the genome within the body.

Type of cloning in which desired end is an individual organism.

Type of cloning in which desired end is a specific cell type.

A type of point mutation in which there is no change in the sequence of amino acids.

A type of point mutation in which the mutation creates a stop codon.

A type of point mutation in which the mutation changes the amino acid.

Environmental factors such as UV, x-rays, and chemicals which can cause mutations.

A process which describes how as a tumor grows, it produces growth factors to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to cancerous cells

Cells that invade the underlying tissue.

Cancer cells that are motile and start tumors in new locations.

When cells of a tumor have the ability to spread away from the original site through vessels

tumor that is composed of noncancerous cells that stays a single mass

Any cells that can divide and differentiate into more functionally specific cell types such as nerves, blood, or muscle

A gene that normally prevents cell division if there is damage to the DNA. If p53 mutates, the cells may continue to divide indefinitely

Effort began in 1990 to construct base sequence map/genetic map of each chromosome.