OTA 111 Module 1

The relationship b/w arthrokinematics and osteokinematics of a given movement from the shape. Can be learned by the observation of the joint surface of moving bone (arthrokinematics) and the distal/opposite end of the moving bone (osteokinematics)

Glides in same direction as distal end of same bony segment

Glides in opposite movement with the end of same bony segment.

Maximum contact of joint surfaces

Maximum incogruence of the joint surfaces, supporting capsule and ligaments are lax.

1. Name joint surfaces and identify which is convex and which is concave.

2. Identify the more movable bony segment.

3. Identify if motion is convex-on-concave or concave-on-convex

4. Determine if more movable joint surface will glide in same or opposite direction as the rest of the bone.

Passive movement of one articular surface over another. Involuntary movement, to correctly demonstrate relaxed muscles and external force of trained practitioner.

Mechanical principles that relate directly to human body

Forces causing movement

Time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system.

Point A or Point B, straight line.

Curved not necessary circular path

Moves in same angle, same direction in sync. But not same distance.

Relationship of joint axis of bones moving around it.

Gives bodies shape, allows muscle attachments for movements, and protects internal organs.

Spongy and porous inside portion made of thin columns and plates containing Trabeculae

Make the bone lighter and is filled with marrow

End of long bones, that get pressure from opposing bone making up that joint.

Membrane lining medullary canal

Flared part of bone that is transition from the end of each diaphysis to each epiphysis.

Thin fibrous membrane covering all of bone expect the hyaline cartilage covered articular surfaces.

Loss of bone mass or normal bone density

Bacteria caused infection of the bone.

Blood supply interrupted to the femoral head, resulting in pressure epiphysis necrosis.

Head of femur displaced from separation at growth plate.

Thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two joints.

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Immovable separated by fibrous tissue. Ex: Skull

Limited movement allowed

articulations where most movement takes place and these are the most common joints in the body.

Decreasing the angle between two bones

Dense connective tissue that can withstand large amounts of tension and pressure.

Increasing the angle between two bones

Moving the top of the foot toward the shin (only at the ankle)

moving the sole of the foot downward (pointing the toes)

Motion toward the midline

Motion away from the midline of the body

Moving to a superior position (only at the scapula)

Moving to an inferior position (only at the scapula)

Lifting the medial border of the foot

Lifting the lateral border of the foot

Internal (inward) or external (outward) turning about the vertical axis of the bone

Rotating the hand and wrist medially from the bone

From the 90-degree abducted arm position, the humerus is flexed (adducted) in toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane

Return of the humerus from horizontal flexion

Hinge Joints

Saddle Joints

Ball and Socket

More mobility and less stability.

Less mobility and more stability

Within normal limits.

Within functional limitation

Conditions like Myositis ossificans or ecotopic ossification that cause soft tissue ossification and extreme pain. Joint instability. Post operative conditions. Acute soft tissues injuries or fracture.

Biomechanics, musculoskeletal anatomy, and neuromuscular physiology

Results paralysis

Loss of movement

Biomechanical FOR, A tool to describe musculoskeletal problems and progress. Ability to prescribe and design exercises/activities that restore function as well as adaptive equipment. And provides a means to evaluate movement within the context of activity.

Client Factors: Body Functions and Body Structures

Protractor device that measure movement in terms of degrees.

ROM measurement

Observations of clients movement or measuring ROM regarding to typical or symmetrical movement.

Conditions that cause bone weakness. Limited certain movements, post operative considerations, medications that are muscle relaxers or heavy pain meds, pain/active inflammation, hypermobility of joint, and healed recently.

Covers the ends of opposing bones within a synovial joint.

Shock absorber and is present in synovial and cartilaginous joints.

Surrounds synovial joints and protects articular surfaces of the bones.

Thick, vascular connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid

Thick, clear fluid that lubricates articular cartilage, creates

Bulid up of semilunar-shaped cartilage on surface of the tibia.

Abosorbing large amounts of shock transmitted upward from weight-bearing forces.

Shoulder fibrocartilage

Maintains structure’s shape

Muscle to bone connections

Broad, flat tendinous sheets attached to bone that are connected to linea alba

small padlike sacs in areas of excessive friction.

Natural and Acquired

Partial dislocation of a joint

Capsular tightness resulting in loss of ROM

Resistance from a joint at end of its passive ROM with slight over pressure

Compression of muscle tissue

A slight give with muscle tension in surrounding ligaments, most common

Hard and abrupt limit to passive joint motion with no give on overpressure. Bony end deel

Soft, firm, and hard ends

Boggy, Muscle Spasm, Empty, and Springy block

Movement that produces considerable pain

Rebound movement is felt at end of ROM

Manner in with adjoining joint surfaces

Small arthrokinematic joint motions that accompany active osteokinematic motion

Arthrokinematic movement that happens between joint surfaces when an external force creates passive motion at the joint.

Technique that applies external force to a patient’s joint to generate passive oscillatory motion or sustained stretch b/w joint surfaces. Restore mobility or decrease pain originating from joint structures

Movement of joint at a high speed from a slight and calculated range that is just past where the joint play ends.

Joint distraction, pull away joint surfaces from each other.

Joint approximation, joint surfaces pushed closer together

Gliding motion, joint surfaces parallel to each other.

Compression on one side & Traction force on other

Two joints forming a convex-concave relationship. Most synovial

this refers to the bones and muscles. Integrity of bone and muscles is required for movement and damage to this system will result in loss of movement. For example, if you were to tear a muscle or break a bone you would have a loss of movement.

the neuromusclar system is muscle action based on information that the muscle receives from the nervous system – both the central nervous system and the peripherial nervous system. Damage to the central nervous system, as with a stroke, results in paralysis. Likewise, damage to the peripherial nerve, such as the median nerve, results in loss of movement.

the action of forces, both internal and external, that affect human movement. We will learn that mechanical laws can be applied to human movement.

immovable and the suture joints of the skull are an example of this type of joint. These joints are separated by fibrous tissue. Although these joints are not moveable they have some flexibility in them in the young child to allow for growth.

allow for limited movement. These are also called cartilaginous joints and while they allow for more movement than the synarthrodial joints they do not allow for movement as do the synovial joints. These joints are connected by cartilage. Examples are the pubic symphysis, the joints between the ribs and the sternum and the cartilaginous region between adjacent vertebrae.