APUSH- Period 8 Frame 5 Vocab

The Soviet Union, Khrushchev, erected between East and West Berlin to keep people from fleeing from the East,

after Kennedy asked for an increase in defense funds to counter Soviet aggression. This stood as a gloomy symbol

of the Cold War until it was torn down by rebellious East Germans in 1989.

Goal to unite Arabs and liberation of Palestine from Israel

an international oil cartel dominated by an Arab majority, joined together to protect themselves.

European Economic Community - established 1957 by Treaty of Rome for European agreement to reduce trade

barriers

a legal agreement between many countries, whose overall purpose was to promote international trade by

reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas. Becomes the World Trade Organization in 1995

South Vietnamese army

Economic reforms will set off social and political reforms (democracy); Provided theoretical justifications for US

policies in 3rd world countries like Vietnam

in April 1961, the CIA-trained force of Cubans landed at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba but failed to set off a general

uprising as planned. Trapped on the beach, the anti-Castro Cubans had little choice but to surrender after

Kennedy rejected the idea of using U.S. forces to save them. Castro used the failed invasion to get even more aid

from the Soviet Union and to strengthen his grip on power.

After discovering that the Russians were building nuclear missile launch sites in Cuba, the U.S. announced a

quarantine of Cuba, which was really a blockade, but couldn't be called that since blockades are a violation of

international law. After 6 days of confrontation that led to the brink of nuclear war, Khrushchev backed down and

agreed to dismantle the launch sites

Kennedy called for aid to education, federal support of health care, urban renewal, and civil rights, but his

domestic programs languished in Congress.

Trickle-Down; cut taxes and deregulate to stimulate the economy

Between the US and USSR for firsts, includes Vostok and Mercury programs

banned all above-ground testing, sending nuclear tests underground – US USSR, UK

Protests that focused on integrating private businesses

1961 program by civil rights activists that took bus trips through the American South to protest segregated bus

terminals.

Attempts to desegregate had resulted in brutal retaliation by whites in Birmingham Alabama where 4 little girls

were killed in this bombing

MLK led drive to desegregation in Birmingham, Alabama and arrested. MLK responds to being referred to as an

“outsider“ - writes: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”

was a 1964 voter registration drive aimed at increasing the number of registered Black voters in Mississippi.

Organized by CORE and SNCC

Martin Luther King, Jr. led one of the largest and most successful demonstrations in U.S. history. About 200,000

blacks and whites took part in the peaceful March on Washington in support of the civil rights bill.

made segregation illegal in all public facilities, including hotels and restaurants, and gave the federal gov’t

additional powers to enforce school desegregation