Statistics Probability Flashcards

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) . An alternate

notation is P(A or B) = P(A ∪ B)

a way of selecting several things out of a larger group, where order does not matter

C(n, r) = nCr = n!/r!(n-r)!

the probability that an event does not occur; 1 – P(A)

mutually exclusive events whose probabilities sum to 1

the probability that an event, B, will occur given that another event, A, has

already occurred

P(F|E) =P(F∩E ) / P(E)

the cumulative proportion or the running total of frequencies

when the occurrence of one event affects the occurrence of a second event

(often just written Empirical Probability) an "estimate" that the event will happen based on how often the event occurs after collecting data or running an experiment (in a large number of trials). It is based specifically on direct observations or experiences.

outcomes that occur with the same probability; i.e., landing on heads or tails on a fair coin toss are equally likely outcomes

a subset of a sample space

the long-run average result of a numerical random process

the probability of an event occurring when an experiment was conducted

n! = n(n – 1)(n – 2) . . . 3(2)(1)

f event M can occur in m ways and is followed by event N that can

occur in n ways, then event M followed by event N can occur in m •

n ways.

when the occurrence of one event does not affect the occurrence of a second event

the intersection A ∩ B of two sets A and B is the set that contains all elements of A that also belong to B (or equivalently, all elements of B that also belong to A), but no other elements.

P(F∩E) = P(E)∙P(F|E)

P(E∩F) = P(E)∙P(F) if and only if A and B are

independent events.

events that cannot occur at the same time; also called disjoint events

a possible result from a probability experiment

a way of selecting several things out of a larger group, where order does matter

P(n, r) = nPr = n! / (n-r)!

likelihood that an event will occur and is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes

a way of representing the likelihood of all the possible results of a statistical event.

any activity or situation in which there is uncertainty about which of two or more possible outcomes will result

the numerical outcome of a random phenomenon

the set of all possible outcomes in an experiment

a way to model random events

a ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes

the single performance of an experiment

everything in both sets

one