apwh unit 5

intellectual movement applying new ways of understanding like rationalism and empiricist approaches to the natural world and human relationships

pre enlightenment in which scientists disregarded biblical and religious authority to see how the world truly worked

religion popular among enlightenment thinkers that believed God was real just didn’t intervene

rejection of religion

political idea believing the most basic element of society was the individual human, not collective groups

political idea that claimed humans were born with certain rights that can not be infringed upon by anyone

life, liberty, property

political belief that humans must make governments to protect their natural rights

1) major revolutions (american, french, Haitian, latin american)

2) expansion of suffrage

3) abolition of slavery

4) end of serfdom

5) calls for women’s suffrage

female french activist writing declaration of the rights of women

american women gathering to call for a constitutional amendment recognizing womens rights

1) nationalism

2) ppl hate monarchist and imperial rule

3) new ways of thinking

power to govern was in the hands of the people

people have the right to vote and influence government policies

ideology emphasizing protection of civil rights, representative gov, protection of private property, and economic freedom

british American colonies rebelled and made their own country (french helped)

french inspired by American revolution overthrew their gov

the declaration of the rights of man and citizen

haiti seeking independence from france (toussaint louverture led!!)

creole military leaders (Simon Bolivar) fight for independence

movement in the Philippines resulting from Spanish discrimination, Philippine revolution followed

process by which states transition from agrarian economies (hand made goods) to industrial economies (machine made goods)

great britain

1) proximity to waterways

2) geographical distribution of coal and iron

3) access to foreign resources

4) improved agricultural production

5) urbanization

6) legal protection of private property (protected entrepreneurs)

7) accumulation of capital (Atlantic slave trade result)

1) crop rotation (kept part of land unplanted so soil fertility was maintained)

2) seed drill (made sure seeds were planted efficiently and accurately)

used in textile factories to power machines using moving water

operated looms creating textiles faster than by hand

converted fossil fuel into mechanical energy (helped factories be built anywhere)

transport mass produced goods faster and further

1) lacked coal deposits

2) land locked

3) hindered by historically powerful groups

waterway connecting Paris to northern iron and coal fields, laid ground 4 industrialization

railroads (trans-siberian railroad) and steam engines

japan borrows western technology + education to industrialize

1) coal (steam engine, locomotive, steamships)

2) oil (internal combustion engine. better steam engine, used for automobile)

1) steel (Bessemer process used to strengthen)

2) chemical engineering (synthetic dyes used for textiles, rubber)

3) electricity (light bulbs, subways, streetcars, telegraph)

1) development of interior cities

2) increase in trade and migration

with help of Muhammad Ali and tanzimat reforms

1) industrial projects (textile and weapons factories built)

2) agriculture (gov bought crops to be sold on world market)

3) tarrifs (taxes on imported goods, protected economy. forced to be removed by great Britain)

britain

isolated

1) western powers dominated them

2) u.s. commodore Matthew Perry coming to Japan with ships having guns

japan adopting western industrial practices to escape foreign domination

1) culture (Japan sent people to learn about western tech, education and put it in their state)

2) government (Japan borrowed elected parliament from Germany)

3) infrastructure (built railroads, national banking system, factories for textiles)

free market economics (better fit industrialization, market-driven)

laissez-faire (government needs to

cure of working class and society was not free market economics but government legislation

customs union reducing trade barriers between German states but put tarrifs on imported goods

company established and controlled in one country but also establishes large operations in many other countries

1) stock markets

2) limited liability

middle class

1) political reform (more of working class could vote)

2) social reform (social societies)

3) educational reform

4) urban reforms (sanitation infrastructure)

collective of workers who join together in order to protect their own interests

higher wages, limited working hours, improved working conditions

general German works association (advocated 4 marxist reform)

created the communist manifesto and scientific socialism. hated capitalism!!!!

those who owned means of production

those exploited by the bourgeoisie

opium (led to opium wars yikes)

chinese response to western powers forcing them into unequal treaties. took steps towards industrialization and revitalized culture

china cooked by newly industrialized japan

the sick man of europe

1) built textile factories

2) expensive education system (secular)

3) implemented western style law codes/courts

wanted a European style parliament and a constitutional government that would limit the power of absolutist sultans (sultan accepted!)

1) industrial working class (factory workers and miners)

2) middle class (white collar workers. lawyers, doctors, teachers)

3) industrialists (top of hierarchy, owned industrial corporations)

1) pollution

2) housing shortages

3) increased crime