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AP Art History

Chapter 2: Ancient Near Eastern Art

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Description and Tags

Art History

AP Art History

Persian Art

Assyrian Art

Babylonian Art

Ancient Near Eastern Art

Sumerian Art

Art

History

Cuneiform

Ziggurats

12th

32 Terms

1
Ziggurats
The first great buildings of the ancient world; were made of baked mud, and they were tall, solid structures that dominated the flat landscape.
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2
Lascaux
A network of caves near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne in southwestern France.
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3
Lamassus
A Mesopotamian celestial being with a human head, bull's body, and wings.
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4
Cuneiform
a system of writing in which the strokes are formed in a wedge or arrowhead shape
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5
Apotropaic
having the power to ward off evil or bad luck
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6
Sumerian art
It has realistic-look-ing figures acting out identifiable narratives.
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7
Negative space
empty space around an object or a person, such as the cut-out areas between a figure’s legs or arms of a sculpture
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8
Nudity
A sign of debasement; only slaves and prisoners are nude.
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9
Hierarchy of scale
a system of representation that expresses a person’s importance by the size of his or her representation in a work of art
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10
Local god
An advocate for a given city in the assembly of gods.
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11
gods
In the Sumerian world, the \_____ symbolized powers that were manifest in nature.
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12
Temple
Became the center point of both civic and religious pride.
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13
Bent-axis plan
ascending the stairs requires angular changes of direction to reach the temple
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14
Cella
the main room of a temple where the god is housed
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15
Whitewash
was used to disguise the mud appearance; hence the modern name of White Temple.
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16
Uruk
May be the first true city in history; the first with monumental architecture.
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17
Anu
The god of the sky, the most important Sumerian deity.
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18
Votive
Offered in fulfillment of a vow or a pledge
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19
Ground line
a baseline upon which figures stand
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20
Ground plan
the map of a floor of a building
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21
Register
a horizontal band, often on top of another, that tells a narrative story
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22
Lapis lazuli
a deep-blue stone prized for its color
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23
Shallow relief sculpture
an Assyrian specialty, although the lamassus are virtually three-dimensional as they project noticeably from the walls they are attached to.
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24
Capital
the top element of a column
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25
Apadana
an audience hall in a Persian palace
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26
Hypostyle hall
An indication of one of the many cultures that inspired the complex.
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27
White Temple and its ziggurat
White Temple and its ziggurat

  • Buttresses spaced across the surface

  • tapers downward so that rainwater washes off

  • resembles a mountain

  • Bent-axis plan

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28
Statues of votive figures
Statues of votive figures

  • different heights

  • hands are folded - gesture of prayer

  • huge eyes; arms and feet cut away

  • placed in a temple to pray before a sculpture of a god.

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29
Standard of Ur
Standard of Ur

  • wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red ­limestone

  • broad frontal shoulders; bodies in profile; twisted perspective

  • reflects extensive trading network

  • Has two sides: War Side and Peace Side

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30
Code of Hammurabi
Code of Hammurabi

  • Written in cuneiform | Akkadian language

  • One of the earliest law codes; 300 entries

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31
Lamassu
Lamassu

  • Human-headed winged animal guardian figures

  • Meant to hold up the walls and arch of a gate.

  • Meant to ward off enemies both visible and invisible.

  • Carved from a single piece of stone.

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32
Apadana of Darius and Xerxes
Apadana of Darius and Xerxes

  • Built for lavish receptions and festivals

  • proudly proclaim this complex as the seat of a great empire.

  • Built by Darius I and Xerxes I

  • Destroyed by Alexander the Great

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