Final Exam

Asexual reproduction of bacterial/prokaryotic cells; production of genetically identical cells. Divided into three phases

What are the three phases of Binary fission?

bacterial DNA is copied and attached to the plasma membrane

increase of cell size and content between the replicated DNA

bacterial cells split between replicated DNA

sexual reproduction of bacterial cells; exchanging of plasmids (extra genetic info) between bacteria that are genetically different

_____ : defined properties and behavior of energy

____ energy: stored energy

_____ energy : energy of motion or movement

_____ : energy cannot be created or destroyed

_____ : as energy changes forms the amount of useable energy decreases and heat increases

_____ : the amino acid linear order; "How the amino acids line up"

_____ : the bending and twisting of linear order; formed because of hydrogen bonding

_____ : refers to the 3-D shape of proteins; most common structure

_____ : a biological catalyst

_____ : molecules that speed up chemical reactions

Enzymes are proteins in their ______ strructure

Enzymes only speed up chemical reactions that occur _________

Are enzymes used up in a chemical reaction?

binding of specific molecules called ______ to speed up the chemical reactions

Enzyme-substrate binding is ________

speed up chemical reactions by decreasing the _______ _______

_____ : pocket on enzymes where substrates bind to speed up chemical reactions

_____ : enzyme is enhanced or suppressed by a small organic molecule presence

_____ : two or more molecules that are similar in structure compete for the same active site of an enzyme

_____ : metabolic pathway that will harvest the energy stored in glucose under aerobic conditions

What is the chemical equation for respiration?

Where does respiration occur?

This theory suggests that organelles such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts within the eukaryotic cell same abut as the result of endosymbiosis between prokaryotic cells and a host cell (eukaryotic cell)

What are the pieces of evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

_____ membrane of mitochondria: the outermost boundary of the mitochondria

_____ membrane of mitochondria : inner most membrane of the mitochondria

_____ : folds and grooves of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

_____ : enzyme-filled space of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

What are the three reactions of respiration?

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Where does fermentation occur?

where does the Krebs cycle occur?

What is the product of glycolysis?

What is the product of fermentation?

What is the product of the Krebs cycle?

Kreb's cycle: aerobic or anarobic

fermentation: aerobic or anarobic

glycolysis: aerobic or anaerobic

______ : oxygen is not present

____ : oxygen is present

_____ : net movement of material from the outside to the inside of the cell

_____ : movement of large material to the inside of the cell

_____ : movement of specific material to the inside of the cell

_____ : net movement of material from the inside to the outside of the cell

_____ : refers to many 3D protein shapes

_____ : object if interest, what is being tested in an experiment (what you think is the answer to your problem)

_____ : measurable outcome, results.

What is the order from smallest to largest of scientific information?

what are the three parts of cell theory?

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

What kind of cells are prokaryotic cells?

______ :theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein

What are the 2 main difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

the _____ is often held in the ______ of an enzyme by hydrogen or Ionic bonds to speed up the chemical reactions.

Catabolic and Anabolic pathways are often couples reactions in a cell because:

Enzymes are _____ with characteristic _____ shapes.

_____ proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontanous

______ occurring in the _____, breaks glucose into two molecules of _____.

_____ + oxygen ---> _____ + water + _____

Muscel cells use lactic acid fermentation when energy demand is _____ and oxygen supply is _____