North and South in Conflict -- Quiz Review

Walker Tariff

Lowered tariffs from the “Black Tariff” of 1842

Causes of industrial growth

Transcontinental railroad, immigration, technological innovations

A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation.

Transportation revolution

Vessels that gave American shippers an advantage in the carrying trade

Clipper ships

Linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the West

Transcontinental Railroad

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Common-law doctrine of criminal conspiracy did not apply to labor unions

Term used by Southern authors and orators before the Civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry

King Cotton

Southern nationalists characterized by unapologetic defenses of the South and slavery. Their radicalism and political brinksmanship won them attention and popularity among white Southerners.

Fire-eaters

Notion that the sovereign people of a given territory should decide whether to allow slavery. Opposed by northern abolitionists, who feared it would promote the spread of slavery to the territories.

Popular sovereignty

Wilmot Proviso

Amendment that sought to prohibit slavery from territories acquired from Mexico.

Compromise of 1850

CA as a free state, NM/UT have popular sovereignty, ended slave trade in DC, introduced a more stringent fugitive slave law

One escaped The Great Potato Famine, the other went to the US for religious freedom and better opportunities

Irish German immigration

Fugitive Slave Act

Set high penalties for anyone who aided runaway slaves

Guaranteed jury trials to those accused of being escaped slaves

Personal Liberty Laws

Election of 1852

Franklin Pierce (Democrat), Winfield Scott (Whig), Pierce wins

Antislavery party that opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, arguing that the presence of slavery would limit opportunities for free laborers.

Free Soil Party

Book by George Fitzhugh that argues that the experiment of free societies has been a disaster for humanity and that a return to slavery is warranted.

Sociology for the South

Ostend Manifesto

Document that arranged the US purchase of Cuba from Spain. If Spain refused, US will use force

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

US/GB both protect neutrality of Central America, neither power would seek to control any future waterway

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s widely read novel that dramatized the horrors of slavery. It heightened northern support for abolition and escalated the sectional conflict.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Slavery is decided by popular sovereignty in the KS/NE territories, revoked the MO Compromise

Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.

Squatter sovereignty

Nativist political party, also known as the American party, that emerged in response to an influx of immigrants, particularly Irish Catholics.

Know-Nothing Party

Protecting the interests of native-born/established inhabitants against those of immigrants

Nativism

Congressman Preston Brooks caned abolitionist Charles Sumner on the Senate floor.

Sumner-Brooks Affair

Civil war in Kansas over the issue of slavery in the territory, fought intermittently until 1861, when it merged with the wider national Civil War.

“Bleeding Kansas”

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery, slaves were not citizens of the US

Proposed KS constitution whose ratification was rigged. If it passed, slavery was allowed in KS.

Lecompton Constitution

Financial crash brought on by gold-fueled inflation, overspeculation, and excess grain production. Raised calls in the North for higher tariffs and for free homesteads on western public lands.

Panic of 1857

An adventurer who engages in a private rebellious activity in a foreign country. Wanted to establish an American based government in another country

Filibuster

Series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the U.S. Senate race in Illinois

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Freeport Doctrine

Slavery can’t exist without laws to protect it, territorial legislatures have final say in slavery

Federal arsenal in Virginia seized by abolitionist John Brown in 1859

Harpers Ferry

Formed by moderate Whigs and Know-Nothings in an effort to elect a compromise candidate and avert a sectional crisis.

Constitutional Union Party

Book by Hinton Helper that argued that slavery was incompatible with economic progress

The Impending Crisis

Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln (Republican), John C. Breckinridge (Democrat), Lincoln wins

South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort.

Fort Sumter

To leave the Union. SC was the first to secede

Secession

Government established after seven southern states seceded from the Union. Later joined by four more states from the upper South.

Confederate States of America

Civil War

A repressible conflict - neither slavery nor economic differences between N/S were sufficient causes for war

The author of Sociology for the South

George Fitzhugh

Installing himself as president of Nicaragua in 1856. His dream of establishing a planter aristocracy in Nicaragua faltered when neighboring Central American nations allied against him.

William Walker

Sent by Millard Fillmore to negotiate a trade deal with Japan

Matthew C. Perry

Author of the best-selling Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a novel that awakened millions of northerners to the cruelty of slavery.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

U.S. senator and Democratic presidential candidate, he played a key role in passing the Compromise of 1850, though he inadvertently reignited sectional tensions in 1854 by proposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Sparred Lincoln in a series of debates.

Stephen Douglas

Radical abolitionist who launched an attack on a federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in an effort to lead slaves in a violent uprising against their owners

John Brown

The author of The Impending Crisis of the South

Hinton Helper

13th POTUS. Took over the presidency after Taylor’s death in 1850. Threw his support behind the Compromise of 1850. He was passed over for the Whig nomination in 1852 when the party chose to select the legendary war hero Winfield Scott.

Millard Fillmore

14th POTUS. Tried to provoke war with Spain/seize Cuba, a plan he quickly abandoned once it was made public. Supported the Compromise of 1850, vigorously enforced the Fugitive Slave Law, and threw his support behind the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Franklin Pierce

16th POTUS. Gained national prominence in 1858 during a series of debates in the Illinois senate race and emerged as the leading contender for the Republican nomination in 1860.

Abraham Lincoln