Sociology Unit 1A - Socialisation, Culture and Identity

resocialisation in the workplace, working class women in healthcare

humans act/perform in the way expected, aware they will be judged

older women discriminated due to gender and age

free to construct identity, range of consumer choices

'neo-tribes', without distinctive styles, e.g. emos

identifies features of consumer culture

items create identity

selective law enforcement, working class > middle and upper class

individuals in total institutions, become institutionalised, lack of self identity and ability to cope with 'real world'

punishments should be stricter, retributive justice

14% working class, 25% middle class, 6% elite

traditional working class values

60% identify with specific social class

people have access to information and ability to make decisions due to new tech

polyandry popular in nepal

focus of citizenship ceremonies is democracy, freedom, collective memories - idealised view

high patriotic symbols of state, pledge allegiance to the country

missionary nationalism, overly patriotic, repression of ordinary expressions

internet damaging local identities in Trinidad, cultural resistance to losing identity

3 responses to globalisation: accept global culture, take on cultural hybridity, apply cultural resistance

adoption of globalisation, reject cultural imperialism

infantilisation of the elderly, dependent on children for care, learned helplessness

older people make significant contributions to economy, via unpaid work

identity formed by labelling, youth marginalised so becomes master status

older people expected to act in accordance to stereotypes, refusal to conform, however dependent on consumer power

old age shaped communities, voluntary sector significantly valued in society, time of opportunity

disabled people socialised into learned helplessness, lack of ability/power

disabled people have ability to self-construct identity, ability not disability

disabled communities seeking to change language, 'crip theory' - have to perform during assessments

coming out seen as powerful statement, sexual identity complex and contradictory

37% men had gay sex, fewer identified as gay

women socialised into heterosexuality, sexuality oppressed by men through patriarchal institutions

sexuality socially constructed, dependent on discourse in society at time, 50yrs ago not socially expected, 72+ countries criminalised

2018, banned conversion therapy, still practiced in the UK

sexual recession, activity and identity importance less important

young women aims changing

education teaches meritocracy

influential people more likely to be privately educated

labelling theory

women exercise sexual freedom and engage in hypersexual culture

media influence on ethnic identity, educational underachievement in african-caribbean youth

critical of religious modesty

religious modesty as a symbol of freedom

children from minority backgrounds moving away from tradition

religion used as cultural defence

canteen culture

society/institutions controls individuals

consensus over norms and values

society in conflict, oppression due to ruling class/men

organic analogy of society, institutions maintain value consensus, meritocracy

capitalism creates conflict, bourgeoise > proletariat

studied punk youth

false psychological need for consumerism, marxism socialises into unquestioning attitudes

defines 8 social classes, based on occupation

ruling class pass down cultural capital

people without technology, marginalised

transgenderism, rejects notion of binary gender

male portrayal, provider, protector and impregnator

hegemonic masculinity, 4 types of masculinity

crisis of masculinity

genderquake, shift in values in the workplace

toxic masculinity, unable to move into 'tender' masculinity

all cultures celebrated except white working class

2nd and 3nd generation 'brasians', dual identity

hyper-ethnicity, return to traditional ideologies

experienced extreme racism whilst wearing burkha

ethnocentric institutions, white history in education

British identity is confusing, distinct language codes, e.g. weather

americanisation, leads to homogenisation and losing national identity

older people marginalised due to technology in contemporary society, old age seems to be pitied

highlight positive change, 1980s - AIDS crisis, extreme homophobia, now - studied youth, hugely accepting

nature causing differences in genders, men = instrumental roles, women = expressive roles

born with low IQ, predisposition to aggressions, temper and impulsiveness

british asian parents values

single parents inadequate socialisers

informal sanctions, cliques in female friendship groups, femininity depends on social class

islamophobia in the media

cyber bullying

increased time on social media having negative effect on relationships

hypersexual culture, concerned of unrealistic expectations

white men wanting to role model themselves with rap culture

hybrid identities in south london

'white wannabes', adopt black street culture

british culture has unique features

global culture positive, brings cultural exchange

mcdonalization, local cultures disappearing

jack wills, target upper class

bedroom culture

girls increasingly involved in violence and gangs

challenging gender stereotypes

symbolic markers of black culture

sexual attraction to women become increasing focus, unwelcome pressure fromthe media, 47% tried something they saw in porn during sex

norms differ dependent on place, 'homo-spaces'

manipulation and canalisation

middle class parents vs working class parents focus for children, education vs coping strategies

hidden curriculum

role allocation at early age

hidden curriculum teaches values of working class

individuals control society

society quickly developing, other theories out of date